Self-Assessment Questions

This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.

Article One (pp. 349-363)

1. For frequency resolution, severe to profound hearing loss can be expected to:

   • Result in broadened auditory filters compared to listeners with normal hearing or mild loss.

   • Result in narrower auditory filters compared to listeners with normal hearing or mild loss.

   • Broaden only high-frequency auditory filters.

   • Broaden only low-frequency auditory filters.

2. For temporal resolution, severe to profound hearing loss can be expected to:

   • Result in poorer temporal resolution than for listeners with normal hearing or mild loss.

   • Result in similar temporal resolution as for listeners with normal hearing or mild loss.

   • Result in better temporal resolution than for listeners with normal hearing or mild loss.

   • Make it difficult to measure temporal resolution.

3. The spectral ripple test measures:

   • The listener's ability to detect a re-versed-phase signal in frequency.

   • The listener's ability to recognize nonsense syllables.

   • The listener's ability to discriminate between two pure-tone signals.

   • The listener's ability to detect a gap in a broad-band noise.

4. Surveys show that among listeners with severe to profound hearing loss:

   • Half wear cochlear implants and half wear hearing aids.

   • All wear hearing aids.

   • More listeners use hearing aids rather than cochlear implants, but some use neither device.

   • About 85% use an assistive device other than a hearing aid.

5. Listeners with severe hearing loss report the following for specific communication situations:

   • Perceived communication is similar for quiet and noisy environments.

   • Perceived communication is poor in all environments.

   • Perceived communication is good in all environments.

   • Perceived communication is better with a single talker in quiet, and worst with multiple talkers.

   Article Two (pp. 364-376)

6. Which of the following should be considered when selecting a device for a patient with severe to profound hearing loss?

   • Age of the patient.

   • Communication needs of the patient.

   • Cognitive ability of the patient.

   • All of the above.

7. Nonlinear amplification provided by the cochlear functions for signals with intensities up to:

   • 10 dB HL.

   • 40 dB HL.

   • 70 dB HL.

   • 110 dB HL or UCL, whichever is lower.

8. One reason to conduct RECD is because the external auditory canal is not considered to be adult in size until:

   • 3 years of age.

   • 9 years of age.

   • 15 years of age.

   • 25 years of age.

9. When selecting a device, other options should be considered such as:

   • Direct audio input.

   • Telecoil.

   • Bandwidth.

   • All of the above.

10. Which of the following is a reason to have outcome assessments as part of your protocol for kids with severe to profound hearing loss?

    • Determining the limits of performance with amplification.

    • Determining if the school needs to be more involved.

    • Determining if CPS needs to be called for family intervention.

    • Determining the child's intelligence level.

    Article Three (pp. 377-389)

11. When fitting FL technology to hearing impaired listeners, the literature recommends:

    • An individualized fitting approach incorporating FL fine-tuning, when needed.

    • The use of real-ear measures during verification.

    • The use of verification and validation stimuli sensitive to the effects

      of FL.

    • Knowledge of the type of FL in the hearing aid and how best to choose parameters for a given listener.

    • All of the above.

12. Some audiometric factors to consider when assessing candidacy for FL technology include:

    • Whether FL technology can be enabled in the hearing aid.

    • The degree of impairment in the high frequencies.

    • The overall configuration of the hearing loss.

    • B and C.

    • A and C.

13. Some factors to consider when assessing listener performance with FL include:

    • The use of validation measures sensitive to the effects of FL.

    • Pairing the results from verification and validation measures to assist with parameter selection, fine-tuning, and assessment of candidacy.

    • Whether the listener has been given a period of time to acclimatize to

      FL.

    • All of the above.

    • None of the above.

14. An important step in the verification of FL technology is to determine the MAOF. MAOF is the abbreviation of:

    • Minimum audible output frequency.

    • Master audiological output frequency.

    • Minimum audiological output function.

    • Maximum audible output frequency.

    • Maximum ambient output frequency.

15. The following steps can be used to assist with FL candidacy assessment, using the phonemic verification method:

    • Verify the aided output of speech for the conventional hearing aid fitting.

    • Determine the MAOF range.

    • Use a prerecorded and calibrated /s/ stimulus.

    • Determine if the /s/ stimulus is audible for the conventional fitting.

    • All of the above.

    Article Four (pp. 390-404)

16. Professionals who may also be involved in determining CI candidacy include all of the following except:

    • Psychologist.

    • Otologist.

    • Speech-language pathologist.

    • Social worker.

    • None of the above; all can be involved in determining CI candidacy.

17. What type of remote microphone coupling has been shown to provide the best outcomes for both adult and pediatric CI recipients?

    • Direct audio input.

    • Neck-loop systems.

    • Desktop systems.

    • Soundfield systems.

    • None, CI recipients perform the same regardless of coupling method.

18. Current CI follow-up schedules denote

    approximately _ follow-up visits

    with the audiologist within the first year of device use.

    • 3-7.

    • 4-7.

    • 5-9.

    • 6-9.

    • 9-10.

19. According to published research, the critical period for maximum auditory plasticity occurs by what age?

    • 12-18 months.

    • 3-5 years.

    • 6-7 years.

    • 9-10 years.

    • 12-14 years.

20. The standard pediatric CI candidacy test battery includes all of the following except?

    • Aided soundfield testing.

    • Unaided pure-tone testing.

    • Trial period with appropriately fit amplification.

    • Objective audiologic testing (OAE, ABR, immittance, etc.).

    • All of these components should be part of the standard pediatric CI candidacy test battery.

    Article Five (pp. 405-413)

21. When is it recommended that an individual with a unilateral CI use a contralateral hearing aid?

    • Only when the patient is considering a second CI in the contralateral ear.

    • Only in cases when hearing thresholds are better than the severe-profound range.

    • Once the patient indicates a desire to wear a contralateral hearing aid.

    • In all cases unless otherwise indicated.

    • In specific cases where benefit has been demonstrated by a battery of tests.

22. Internationally, the use of a contralateral HA with unilateral CI is:

    • Low, with approximately 32% of adult CI patients using a contralateral HA.

    • Extremely high, with above 91% of adult CI patients using a contralateral HA.

    • Moderate, with approximately 57% of adult CI patients using a contralateral HA.

    • Extremely low, with below 10% of adult CI patients using a contralateral

      HA.

    • High, with approximately 70% of adult CI patients using a contralateral HA.

23. What is loudness balancing when working with bimodal users?

    • Adjusting the CI to match the perceived loudness of the HA.

    • Adjusting the HA to match the perceived loudness of the CI.

    • An objective measure of loudness of both the CI and the HA using the electrical stapedial reflex threshold (ESRT).

    • Performed when the CI user complains of one device being louder than the other.

    • Both A and D.

24. Which is a current issue in bimodal management?

    • Lack of communication between HA and CI audiologists.

    • Lack of standardized fitting protocols.

    • Performance in the bimodal condition is highly variable among patients.

    • Some patients report sound perception issues of poor loudness balancing, poor pitch matching, and/or lagging processing time.

    • All of the above.

25. Which of these is NOT a step when fitting bimodal devices?

    • Make adjustments to the HA based on user preference.

    • Make adjustments to the HA based on loudness balancing to the CI.

    • Measure speech perception in the HA, CI, and bimodal conditions.

    • Obtain unaided hearing thresholds.

    • Allow the patient to have sensitivity control of the CI.

    Article Six (pp. 414-427)

26. Electric-acoustic stimulation describes:

    • Utilization of a cochlear implant in one ear and a hearing aid in the other ear.

    • Utilization of two different types of hearing aids, one in each ear.

    • Utilization of two different types of cochlear implants, one in each ear.

    • Utilization of a cochlear implant during certain hearing situations, versus a hearing aid in the same ear in other hearing situations.

    • A combination of a hearing aid and cochlear implant in a single ear.

27. The correct electrode length to use for hearing preservation is:

    • 16 mm.

    • 20 mm.

    • 24 mm.

    • 28 mm.

    • No consensus has been reached.

28. Aside from soft surgical technique, additional treatments or techniques that have been shown to preserve low-frequency hearing include:

    • Corticosteroids.

    • Delayed implant activation.

    • Postoperative antibiotics.

    • IV neurotrophin administration.

    • Intraoperative irrigation of the operative field.

29. The most advanced hearing condition for patients with low-frequency hearing preservation would be considered:

    • Bilateral cochlear implants and a hearing aid in one ear.

    • Bilateral EAS devices.

    • Bilateral hearing aids with a single sided cochlear implant.

    • Bilateral cochlear implants.

    • Bilateral hearing aids.

30. EAS devices have shown benefit over co-chlear implants alone in all of the following settings except:

    • Tonal language perception.

    • Melody perception.

    • Speech perception in noise.

    • High-frequency tone perception.

    • Sound localization in noise.

    Article Seven (pp. 428-436)

31. Young Deaf adults:

    • Tend to be unsophisticated with technology for communication.

    • Have difficulty signing on Facetime.

    • Generally prefer to sign manually in English while in hospitals.

    • Who use cochlear implants and sign, usually align themselves more closely with the deaf community than those who do not sign.

32. Older men with hearing loss:

    • Are more likely to access hearing healthcare if they are divorced than if they are married.

    • Have little difficulty with depression.

    • Have better thresholds than older women.

    • Often have other health conditions.

33. Progressive hearing loss:

    • Is rarely found in preschool-age children.

    • Rarely impacts academic performance in children.

    • Is common in children with hearing risk factors.

    • Always unilateral or mild.

34. The 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force:

    • Recommends limiting hearing tests to young adults to prevent hearing loss.

    • Recommends hearing aid fittings for asymptomatic adults, 50 years and older.

    • Found that older adults with hearing loss tend to be highly satisfied with their care.

    • Found that hearing screening was related to increased hearing aid use 1 year later.

35. The 2015 Hearing Screening and Follow-up Survey data reported by the Centers for Disease Control:

    • Suggest that intervention for hearing loss is typically delayed until children are school aged.

    • Reflect low screening rates.

    • Include data on speech-language pathology screening services.

    • Show early intervention rates of 66.5%.

36. Deaf people:

    • Access healthcare services at rates similar to other language minority groups.

    • Are uncomfortable with direct eye contact.

    • Are more satisfied with their healthcare than are hearing people.

    • View deafness as a disability.