Diagnostik und Therapie der allergischen Rhinitis/Rhinokonjunktivitis

Zusammenfassung

Die allergische Rhinitis (AR) ist die häufigste chronische Erkrankung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die AR wird zu häufig nicht diagnostiziert, nicht behandelt und in ihrer Bedeutung unterschätzt. Neben den charakteristischen Symptomen Niesen, nasaler Juckreiz, behinderte Nasenatmung und Rhinorrhoe belastet die Erkrankung auch durch Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität und Verschlechterung eines bestehenden Asthma bronchiale. Die Diagnose beruht auf Anamnese, charakteristischen Symptomen, Analyse der Sensibilisierung durch Haut-Prick-Test (HPT) oder Bestimmung spezifischer IgE-Antikörper und evtl. spezifischen Provokationstesten. Die Therapie besteht aus Allergenkarenz, Kochsalzspülungen, Pharmakotherapie mit Antihistaminika, Chromonen, Glukokortikoiden und der spezifischen Immuntherapie.

Summary

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents. It is commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated and the importance is underestimated. Beside the characteristic symptoms sneezing, itching, blocking and rhinorrhoea AR impairs the quality of life and deteriorates an existing asthma bronchiale. The diagnosis is based on the history, characteristic symptoms, analysis of sensitization with skinprick-test or analysis of specific IgE. Therapy involves allergen avoidance, saline douching, and a pharmacotherapy with antihistaminics, cromones, glucocorticoids and allergen specific immunotherapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Allergische Rhinitis - Kinder - Diagnostik - Therapie

Keywords

Allergic Rhinitis - children - diagnostic - therapy

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