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CC BY 4.0 · TH Open 2018; 02(03): e265-e271
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1669427
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Validation of the Predictive Model of the European Society of Cardiology for Early Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Massimo Cugno
1   Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
2   Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
,
Federica Depetri
1   Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
,
Laura Gnocchi
1   Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
,
Fernando Porro
3   Emergency Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
,
Paolo Bucciarelli
2   Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by “Ricerca corrente,” Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Further Information

Publication History

10 January 2018

16 July 2018

Publication Date:
06 September 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Background Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is burdened by high mortality, especially within 30 days from the diagnosis. The development and the validation of predictive models for the risk of early mortality allow to differentiate patients who can undergo home treatment from those who need admission into intensive care units.

Methods To validate the prognostic model for early mortality after PE diagnosis proposed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2014, we analyzed data of a cohort of 272 consecutive patients with acute PE, observed in our hospital during a 10-year period. Moreover, we evaluated the additional contribution of D-dimer, measured at PE diagnosis, in improving the prognostic ability of the model. All cases of PE were objectively diagnosed by angiography chest CT scan or perfusion lung scan.

Results The overall mortality rate within 30 days from PE diagnosis was 10% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.4–13.5%). According to the ESC prognostic model, the risk of death increased 3.23 times in the intermediate-low-risk category, 5.55 times in the intermediate-high-risk category, and 23.78 times in the high-risk category, as compared with the low-risk category. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a good discriminatory power of the model (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77 [95% CI: 0.67–0.87]), which further increased when D-dimer was added (AUC = 0.85 [95% CI: 0.73–0.96]).

Conclusion This study represents a good validation of the ESC predictive model whose performance can be further improved by adding D-dimer plasma levels measured at PE diagnosis.

Keywords

pulmonary embolism - mortality predictive model - D-dimer

Authors' Contributions

M.C. and P.B. designed the study. F.P., F.D., and L.G. collected the data. M.C. and F.P. organized and evaluated the data. P.B. performed the statistical analysis and all the authors contributed in the interpretation of the results. M.C. drafted the manuscript; P.B., F.D., and L.G. contributed in writing. All the authors critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version for submission.


 

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