CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2018; 40(06): 372-376
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657787
Case Report
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Febrile Neutropenia following Parvovirus B19 Infection and Cross Anti-Kell Reaction to E. Coli in Pregnancy

Infeção por parvovírus B19 causando neutropenia febril e reação cruzada anti-Kell com E. coli na gravidez
Pedro Brandão
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal
2   Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
,
Marília Freixo
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal
,
Elisa Soares
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal
,
Catarina Estevinho
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal
,
Ana Sofia Portela Carvalho
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal
,
Anabela Melo
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Porto, Portugal
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

02 December 2017

16 April 2018

Publication Date:
20 June 2018 (online)

Abstract

Parvovirus B19 has tropism for red line blood cells, causing immune hydrops during pregnancy. A positive anti-Kell Coombs reaction usually happens during pregnancy when there is production of antibodies that target Kell antigens, but cross reactions to other antigens may occur. A 24-year-old Gypsy primigravida, 0 Rhesus positive, presented with persistent isolated hyperthermia for 2 weeks and a positive indirect Coombs test result with anti-Kell antibodies at routine tests. She had a 19-week live fetus. The blood tests revealed bicytopenia with iron deficiency anemia, leucopoenia with neutropenia, and elevated C-reactive protein. She was medicated with imipenem, and had a slow clinical recovery. Blood, urine and sputum samples were taken to perform cultures and to exclude other systemic infections. Escherichia coli was isolated in the urine, which most probably caused a transient cross anti-Kell reaction. Haemophilus influenza in the sputum and seroconversion to parvovirus B19 was confirmed, causing unusual deficits in the white cells, culminating in febrile neutropenia. Despite the patient's lack of compliance to the medical care, both maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes were good. This a rare case report of 2 rare phenomena, a cross anti-Kell reaction to E. coli and parvovirus B19 infection with tropism for white cells causing febrile neutropenia, both events occurring simultaneously during pregnancy.

Resumo

O parvovírus B19 tem tropismo para as células sanguíneas da linha vermelha, causando hidropsia imune durante a gravidez. O teste Coombs anti-Kell positivo ocorre durante a gravidez quando há produção de anticorpos contra os antígenos de Kell, mas pode haver reações cruzadas para outros antígenos. Uma grávida primigesta de etnia cigana, de 24 anos, 0 Rhesus positivo, recorreu ao hospital às 19 semanas de gestação por hipertermia isolada persistente por 2 semanas e um teste Coombs indireto positivo por anticorpos anti-Kell em testes de rotina da gravidez. O estudo analítico revelou bicitopenia com anemia ferropênica, leucopenia com neutropenia, e elevação da proteína C-reativa. A paciente foi medicada com imipenem, e teve uma recuperação clínica lenta. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue, urina e expectoração para culturas bacterianas. Na urina, foi isolada Escherichia coli, o que provavelmente causou a reação anti-Kell cruzada transitória. Na expectoração, foi isolada Haemophilus influenza, e foi confirmada seroconversão para o parvovírus B19, que causou um déficit incomum na linhagem sanguínea branca, culminando com neutropenia febril. Apesar da má adesão aos cuidados médicos, os desfechos materno e fetal/neonatal foram bons. Este é um caso de 2 fenômenos raros, uma reação cruzada anti-Kell à infecção por E. coli, e parvovírus B19 com tropismo para células brancas causando neutropenia febril, ambos ocorrendo simultaneamente durante a gravidez.

 
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