Platelet Aggregation in Mammalians (Human, Rat, Rabbit, Guinea-Pig, Horse, Dog) A Comparative Study

Summary

A comparative study of mammalian (human, rat, rabbit, guinea-pig, horse, dog) platelet aggregation was done using phase contrast microscopy and photometric method and gave us the following results :

1. The animal platelets do not spread spontaneously onto glass in contrast to human ones (in their own plasma).

2. They do not aggregate in presence of adrenalin, noradrenalin, 5-HT but these amines increase the sensitivity of the platelets towards ADP.

3. Although all the platelets aggregate in presence of ADP, bovine thrombin, collagen or thimerosal, there exists some quantitative differences from one species to another.

4. Adenosine and AMP are inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation for human, rabbit and dog platelets and not for guinea-pig and horse. As for the rat, if adenosine is not inhibitor, AMP can be inhibitor if used at strong doses.

5. There exist great differences in the ability of the various platelet-poor plasmas studied to inactivate the aggregating property of ADP, as for instance the weakest being the human one and the strongest the rat one.

6. The authors insist on the importance of ADP-inhibition by AMP and adenosine, and the ADP-inactivation by the plasmas for the mammalian platelet aggregation and almost disaggregation.

^* Clinique Médicale B, Hopital Hippocration, Université de Thessalonique, Grèce. Boursier de l’Association Claude Bernard, Paris.

^** Laboratoire d’Hémostase, Institut de Recherches sur les Maladies du Sang (Dir. Prof. Jean Bernard), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (where reprints are available), with the technical assistance of C. Davis.

• References

• 1 Hellem A. J. The adhesiveness of human blood platelets in vitro Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest Suppl. 12: 51 1960;
• 2 Gaarder A, Jonsen J, Laland S, Hellem A, Owren P. A. Adenosine diphosphate in red cells as a factor in the adhesiveness of human blood platelets. Nature (Lond.) 192: 531 1961;
• 3 Born G. V. R. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal. Nature (Lond.) 194: 927 1962;
• 4 Käser-Glanzmann R, Lüscher E. F. The mechanism of platelet aggregation in relation to hemostasis. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 7: 480 1962;
• 5 Hovig T. Release of a platelet-aggregating substance (adenosine diphosphate) from rabbit blood platelets induced by saline extract of tendons. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 9: 264 1963;
• 6 O’Brien J. R. A comparison of platelet aggregation produced by seven compounds and a comparison of their inhibitors. J. clin. Path 17: 275 1964;
• 7 Born O. V. R, Cross M. J. Effect of adenosine diphosphate on the concentration of platelets in circulating blood. Nature (Lond.) 197: 974 1963;
• 8 Belleville J, Thouverez J. P, Mikaeloff P, Descotes J. Etude des principaux tests de l’hémostase chez le chien normal Path. et Biol 14: 41 1966;
• 9 Cuthbertson W. F. J, Mills D. C. B. Some factors influencing platelet clumping. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 169: 9 p 1963;
• 10 Constantine J. W. Aggregation of guinea-pig platelets by adenosine diphosphate. Nature (Lond.) 210: 162 1966;
• 11 Sinakos Z, Caen J. Le comportement des plaquettes chez le rat. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 16: 163 1966;
• 12 Piette M, Piette G. Numération des plaquettes sanguines utilisant un liquide hypotonique à base de chlorhydrate de novocaine. Sang 30: 144 1959;
• 13 Tangun Y, Caen J. Adhésion et agrégation plaquettaire au tissu conjonctif du mésentère du rat (dans les maladies hémorragiques constitutionnelles). Nouv. Rev. franç. Hémat 5: 79 1965;
• 14 Sinakos Z, Caen J. Une technique simple quantitative de mesure de l’agrégation plaquettaire. Rev. franc. Étud. clin. biol 11: 539 1966;
• 15 Inceman S, Caen J, Bernard J. Métamorphose visqueuse des plaquettes dans la thromb-asthénie de Glanzmann-Naegeli (à propos de 8 cas). Nouv. Rev. franç. Hémat 3: 575 1963;
• 16 Caen J, Inceman S. Considérations sur l’allongement du temps de saignement dans l’afibrinogénémie congénitale. Nouv. Rev. franç. Hémat 3: 614 1963;
• 17 Mitchell J. R. A, Sharp A. S. Platelet dumping in vitro. Brit. J. Haemat 10: 78 1964;
• 18 Kopec M, Budzynski A, Stachurska J, Wegrzynowicz Z, Kowalski E. Studies on the mechanism of interference by fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) with the platelet function. Role of fibrinogen on the platelet atmosphere. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 15: 476 1966;
• 19 Robinson Jr. C. W, Kress S. C, Wagner R. H, Brinkhous K. M. Platelet agglutination and deagglutination with a sulfhydryl inhibitor, methyl mercuric nitrate : relationships to platelet ATPase. IEG 2 Hemostasis, Memo 75. (Personal communication.)
• 20 Zucker M. B, Zaccardi Z. B. Platelet shape change induced by adenosine diphosphate and prevented by adenosine monophosphate. Fed. Proc 23: 299 1964;
• 21 O’Brien J. R. Effects of adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline on mean platelet shape. Nature (Lond.) 207: 306 1965;
• 22 Nordoy A, Odegaard A. E. The influence of citrate and heparin on the adhesiveness of rat platelets and human platelets measured in vitro. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest 14: 399 1963;
• 23 Born G. V. R. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by adenosine and related substances with possible therapeutic implications. Intern. Symposium on Thrombosis and Embolism, Basel, August 1965. 159 Schattauer; Stuttgart: 1966
• 24 Salzman E. W, Chambers D. A, Neri L. L. Possible mechanism of aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate. Nature (Lond.) 210: 167 1966;