Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1991; 65(02): 191-195
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1647482
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

Evaluation of the Buccal Bleeding Time and Platelet Glass Bead Retention as Assays of Hemostasis in the Dog: The Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid, Warfarin and von Willebrand Factor Deficiency

Jacqueline A Brassard
The Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
,
Kenneth M Meyers
The Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 17 April 1990

Accepted after revision 09 September 1990

Publication Date:
02 July 2018 (online)

  PDF Download  Permissions and Reprints

Summary

The study evaluated two hemostatic assays in the dog, a modified version of the buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and the platelet glass bead retention (PR), to describe the aspects of hemostasis measured by these assays. Von Willebrand factor (vWf)-deficient Doberman pinscher dogs were used in evaluating the effects of altered platelet adhesion. Normal dogs were treated with either acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or warfarin to evaluate the effects of altered platelet aggregation and coagulation. There was significant prolongation of the BMBT and reduction of the PR in vWf-deficient dogs as compared to normal dogs. In ASA treated dogs the BMBT was slightly prolonged; the PR was significantly reduced. The change in ASA-induced BMBT did not correlate with the sensitivity of the dog platelets to arachidonic acid. In warfarin treated dogs there was no change in the BMBT; however, the PR was significantly reduced. The BMBT is a test of hemostasis that is sensitive to platelet adhesion and aggregation deficits. The PR is useful in detecting general abnormalities in hemostasis including platelet adhesion defects due to reduced vWf.

 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Harker LA, Slichter SJ. The bleeding time as a screening test for evaluation of platelet function. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 155-159
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Bowie EJW, Owen CA. The bleeding time. Prog Hemostas Thromb 1974; 2: 249-271
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Steiner RW, Coggins C, Carvalho ACA. Bleeding time in uremia: A useful test to assess clinical bleeding. Am J Hematol 1979; 7: 107-117
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Lind SE. Prolonged bleeding time. Am J Med 1984; 77: 305-312
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Zimmerman TSS, Ruggeri ZM. Von Willebrand’s disease. Prog Hemostas Thromb 1982; 6: 203-236
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Weiss HJ, Rogers J. Fibrinogen and platelets in the primary arrest of bleeding. N Engl J Med 1971; 285: 369-374
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Hellem AJ. The adhesiveness of human blood platelets in vitro. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1960; 12 (Suppl. 51) 1-111
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Salzman EW. Measurement of platelet adhesiveness: A simple in vitro technique demonstrating an abnormality in von Willebrand’s disease. J Lab Clin Med 1963; 62: 724-735
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Bowie EJW, Owen CA, Thompson JH, Didisheim P. Platelet adhesiveness in von Willebrand’s disease. Am J Clin Pathol 1969; 52: 69-77
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Zucker MB, Rifkin PL, Friedberg NM, Coller BS. Mechanisms in platelet function as revealed by the retention of platelets in glass bead columns. Ann N Y Acad Sri 1972; 201: 138-144
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 McPherson J, Brownlea S, Zucker MB. Effect of monoclonal antibodies against von Willebrand factor and platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on the platelet retention test. Blood 1987; 70: 546-550
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Salzman EW, Neri LL. Adhesiveness of blood platelets in uremia. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1966; 15: 84-92
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Dodds WJ. Further studies of canine von Willebrand’s disease. Blood 1975; 45: 221-230
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Bouma BN, Dodds WJ, van Mourik JA, Sixma JJ, Webster WP. Infusion of human and canine factor VIII in dogs with von Willebrand’s disease: Studies of the von Willebrand and factor VIII synthesis stimulating factors. Scand J Haematol 1976; 17: 263-275
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Kingdon HS, Hassell TM. Hemophilic dog model for evaluating therapeutic effectiveness of plasma protein fractions. Blood 1981; 58: 868-872
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Giles AR, Tinlin S, Greenwood R. A canine model of hemophilic (factor VIII: C deficiency) bleeding. Blood 1982; 60: 727-730
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Larrain C, Langdell RD. The hemostatic defect of uremia. II. Investigation of dogs with experimentally produced acute urinary retention. Blood 1956; 11: 1067-1072
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Polzin DJ, Osborne CA, Hayden DW, Stevens JB. Influence of reduced protein diets on morbidity, mortality, and renal function in dogs with chronic renal failure. Am J Vet Res 1983; 45: 506-517
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hovig T, Rowsell HC, Dodds WJ, Jorgensen L, Mustard JF. Experimental hemostasis in normal dogs and dogs with congenital disorders of blood coagulation. Blood 1967; 30: 636-668
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Hovig T, Dodds WJ, Rowsell HC, Mustard JF. The transformation of hemostatic plugs in normal and factor IX deficient dogs. Am J Pathol 1968; 53: 355-374
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Dodds WJ. Joint report of the subcommittee on animal models of hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases and on platelets. Thromb Haemostas 1982; 48: 106-7
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Dodds WJ. Hemostasis. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 4th ed Kaneko JJ. (ed) Academic Press; San Diego, CA: 1989: 274-315
  • 23 Johnson GJ, Rao GHR, White JG. Platelet dysfunction induced by parenteral carbencillin and ticarcillin. Am J Pathol 1978; 91: 85-106
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Thomas R, Hessel EA, Dillard DH, Harker LA. Standardized template bleeding time in dogs. J Surg Res 1979; 27: 244-249
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Jergens AE, Turrentine MA, Kraus KH, Johnson GS. Buccal mucosa bleeding times of healthy dogs and of dogs in various pathologic states, including thrombocytopenia, uremia and von Willebrand’s disease. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 1337-1342
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Forsythe LT, Willis SE. Evaluating oral mucosa bleeding times in healthy dogs using a spring-loaded device. Can Vet J 1989; 30: 344-345
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Forbes CD, Thomson C, Prentice CRM, McNicol GP, McEwan D. Experimental warfarin poisoning in the dog. J Comp Pathol 1973; 83: 173-180
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Schlink GT, Johnson GS. A sensitive autoradiographic procedure for factor VUI-related antigen in canine plasma. Vet Clin Pathol 1988; 12: 21-27
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Proctor RR, Rapaport SI. The partial thromboplastin time with kaolin. Am J Clin Pathol 1961; 36: 212-219
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Quick AJ. Bleeding Problems in Clinical Medicine. WB Saunders Co; Philadelphia: 1970: 43
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Hattersley PG. Activated coagulation time of whole blood. JAMA 1966; 196: 436-440
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Clemmons RM, Meyers KM. Acquisition and aggregation of canine blood platelets: Basic mechanisms of function and differences because of breed origin. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45: 137-144
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Lipowitz AJ, Boulay JP, Klausner JS. Serum salicylate concentrations and endoscopic evaluation of the gastric mucosa in dogs after oral administration of aspirin-containing products. Am J Vet Res 1986; 47: 1586-1589
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Steel RGD, Torrie JH. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biomedical Approach. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company; New York: 1980: 8-32 86-121
    Google Scholar
  • 35 Meyers KM. Pathobiology of animal platelets. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 1985; 30: 131-165
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Bick RL, Adams T, Schmalhorst WR. Bleeding times, platelet adhesion, and aspirin. Am J Clin Pathol 1976; 65: 69-72
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Stella L, Donati MB, de Gaetano G. Bleeding time in laboratory animals. I. Aspirin does not prolong bleeding times in rats. Thromb Res 1975; 7: 709-716
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Dejana D, Villa S, de Gaetano G. Bleeding time in rats: A comparison of different experimental conditions. Thromb Haemostas 1982; 48: 108-111
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Wester J, Sixma JJ, Geuze JJ, Van Der VeenJ. Morphology of the early hemostasis in human skin wounds. Lab Invest 1978; 39: 298-311
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Pijnappels MIM, Briet E, van der ZwetGTh, Huisden R, van Tilburg NH, Eulderink F. Evaluation of the cuticle bleeding time in canine haemophilia. Thromb Haemostas 1986; 55: 70-73
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 VanderVelden P, Giles AR. A detailed morphologic evaluation of the haemostatic plug in normal, factor VII and factor VIII deficient dogs. Br J Haematol 1988; 70: 345-355
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Rabiner SI. Uremic bleeding. Prog Hemost Thromb 1972; 1: 1233-1250
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Remuzzi G, Livio MC, Roncaglioni MC, Mecca G, Donati MB, de Gaetano G. Bleeding in renal failure: Is von Willebrand factor implicated. Br J Med 1977; 2: 359-361
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Ruggeri ZM, Ponticelli C, Mannuci PM. Factor VIII and chronic renal failure. Br J Med 1977; 1: 1085
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Warrell RP, Hultin MB, Coller BS. Increased factor VTII/von Willebrand factor antigen and von Willebrand factor activity in renal failure. Am J Med 1979; 66: 226-228
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Wardrop KJ, Dhein CR, Frenier S, Meyers K. Altered hemostasis with chronic renal failure. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1989; 25: 325-329
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 McPherson J, Zucker MB. Platelet retention in glass bead columns: Adhesion to glass and subsequent platelet-platelet interactions. Blood 1976; 47: 55-67
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Zucker MJ. Platelet physiology: A personal perspective. Platelets 1990; 1: 3-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar