PDF herunterladen
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1992; 05(02): 44-50
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633066
Original Research
Schattauer GmbH

Measurements of Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Jumping Dogs

Susan R. Yanoff
1   Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
,
D. A. Hulse
1   Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
,
H. A. Hogan
2   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
,
Margaret R. Slater
3   Department of Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
,
M. T. Longnecker
4   Department of Statistics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Received for publication: 31. Januar 1991

Publikationsdatum:
06. Februar 2018 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Summary

The purpose of this study was: to quantitate the peak vertical ground reaction force acting on the forelimbs of dogs as they landed after jumping an obstacle; to compare that force at three heights; and to evaluate factors that may affect vertical ground reaction force. Thirteen military working dogs were studied. A strain gauge force plate was used to measure force. Three measurements were recorded for each dog at each height. The means of the medians of the three forces for each dog at each height were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean force at 63 cm was 986.9 ± 221.5 N, mean force at 79 cm was 1175.0 ±227.4 N, and mean force at 94 cm was 1366.1± 268.5 N. There was a significant difference in mean force at the three jump heights (p = 0.0002). The significance was unchanged when force was normalized for body weight. Statistical models were used to evaluate the effect of other independent variables. Factors that were found to effect force were body weight, breed, and sex of the dog. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.

Vertical ground reaction force was measured in thirteen dogs landing on a force plate after jumping an obstacle. Three readings were taken for each dog at each of three heights, and the mean vertical ground reaction force was compared. Force readings were significantly different at each height, increasing as height increased. Factors that were found to effect vertical ground reaction force were body weight, breed, and sex.

Keywords

Ground reaction force - jumping dog - biomechanics
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Smith AJ. Estimates of muscle and joint forces at the knee and ankle during a jumping activity. J Hum Movement Studies 1975; 1: 78-86.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med 1978; 6: 40-50.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Cavanaugh PR, Lafortune MA. Ground reaction forces in distance running. J Biomech 1980; 13: 397-406.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Schult R. (Chairman of the Golden Retriever Club of America Jump Height Require-ment Committee). Personal Communcation 1985
    PubMed
  • 5 Donohue JM, Thompson Jr RC, Oegema Jr. TR. The effects of indirect blunt trauma on adult articular cartilage. In: Finerman G. (ed.). Symposium on Sports Medicine: the Knee. St. Louis: V. C. Mosby Company; 1985: 85-6.
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Repo RU, Finlay JB. Survival of articular cartilage after controlled impact. J Bone Joint Surg 1977; 59A: 1068-75.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Haut RC. Contact pressures in the patellofemoral joint during impact loading on the human flexed knee. J Orthop Res 1989; 7: 272-80.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Armstrong CG, Mow VC, Wirth CR. Biomechanics of impact-induced microdamage to articular cartilage: a possible genesis for chondromalacia patella. In: Finerman G. (ed.). Symposium on Sports Medicine: the Knee. St. Louis: V. C. Mosby Company; 1985: 70-83.
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Van Sickle DC, Harvey WM. Primary osteoarthritis of the canine shoulder. Proceedings of the 4th Kal Kan Symposium, October 1990: 53-7.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Hillberry BM, Van Sickle DC, Maturo CJ. et al. A model for studying the influence of mechanical usage on articular cartilage. XVth Symposium of the European Society of Osteoarthology, Kuopio, Finland. Scand J Rheumatol. 1986 Suppl 60.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW. Force plate analysis of the walking gait in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 915-8.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Pratt Jr GW, O’Conner JT. Force plate studies of equine biomechanics. Am J Vet Res 1976; 37: 1251-5.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Dueland R, Bartel DL, Antonson E. Force-plate technique for canine gait analysis of total hip and excision arthroplasty. Vet Surg 1977; 13: 547-52.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Auer JA, Fackelman GE, Gingerich DA, Fetter AW. Effect of hyaluronic acid in naturally occurring and experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 1980; 41: 568-74.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 O’Conner BL, Visco DM, Heck DA. et al. Gait alterations in dogs after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 1142-7.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Ramey MR. Effective use of force plates for long jump studies. Res 1972; 43: 247-52.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med 1978; 6: 40-50.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Flo GL, Middleton D. Mineralization of the supraspinatus tendon in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197: 95-7.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Alexander RM. The mechanics of jumping by a dog (Canis familiaris). J Zool Lond 1974; 173: 549-73.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Biewener AA, Thomason JJ, Lanyon LE. Mechanics of locomotion and jumping in the horse (Equus): in vivo stress in the tibia and metatarsus. J Zool Lond 1988; 214: 547-265.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Radin EL, Simon SR, Rose RM, Paul IL. Practical Biomechanics for the Orthopedic Surgeon. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1979
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Schamhardt HC, Hartman W, Lammertink JLMA. Forces loading the tarsal joint in the hind limb of the horse, determined from in vivo strain measurements of the third metatarsal bone. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50: 728-33.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Schryver HF, Bartel DL, Langrana N, Lowe JE. Locomotion in the horse: Kinematics and external and internal forces in the normal equine digit in the walk and trot. Am J Vet Res 1978; 39: 1728-33.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar