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Nervenheilkunde 2012; 31(07/08): 524-529
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628238
Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Schattauer GmbH

Diagnostik, Symptomatik und Ursachen der Lese-Rechtschreibstörung

Diagnosis, symptomatology and etiology of dylsexia
G. Schulte-Körne
1   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie Klinikum der Universität München
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Publication History

Eingegangen am: 13 October 2011

angenommen am: 05 March 2012

Publication Date:
23 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Lese- und Rechtschreibstörung (LRS) gehört zu den häufigen umschriebenen Entwicklungsstörungen mit einer Prävalenz um 5%, die durch eine beeinträchtigte Lesegeschwindigkeit, -genauigkeit und vermindertes Textverständnis gekennzeichnet ist. Charakteristisch für die Rechtschreibstörung ist eine Vielzahl orthografischer Fehler, die trotz regelmäßiger schulischer Unterrichtung auftreten. Komorbid treten gehäuft ADHS, depressive Störungen und Rechenstörungen auf. Die Symptomatik bleibt meist bis ins Erwachsenenalter bestehen. Genetische Faktoren, insbesondere die identifizierten Kandidatengene und ihre Funktionen sprechen dafür, die LRS als Folge einer neuronalen Migrationsstörung aufzufassen ist. Erfolgreiche therapeutische Methoden integrieren lerntherapeutische Aspekte und die Förderung von sprachlichen und orthografischen Fähigkeiten.

Summary

Dyslexia (reading and spelling disorder) is a very common developmental disorder with a prevalence about 5%. The reading disorder is characterized by a reduced word reading speed, accuracy, and reading comprehension. Reduced orthographic knowledge combined with a high number of spelling errors is characteristic for the spelling disorder. ADHD, depression and dyscalculia are the most common comborbid disorder. Dyslexia often persists into adulthood. Genetic factors are found to be causally related to dyslexia. Based on recent findings on candidate genes and their known functions dyslexia can be regarded as a neuronal migration disorder. Effective treatments are programs that integrate specific approaches of phonological and orthographic awareness trainings and knowledge from learning intervention research.

Schlüsselwörter

Lese-Rechtschreibstörung - Diagnostik - Symptomatologie - Kandidatengene

Keywords

Dyslexia - diagnosis - symptomatology - candidate genes
 

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