Megaösophagus bei Hund und Katze^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Das Krankheitsbild des Megaösophagus ist durch eine diffuse Dilatation und verminderte Peristaltik der Speiseröhre gekennzeichnet. Unterschieden wird eine kongenitale und eine erworbene Form. Die Letztgenannte tritt in Zusammenhang mit gastrointestinalen, endokrinen, immunvermittelten, neuromuskulären und paraneoplastischen Erkrankungen sowie toxischen Zuständen auf. Zu den häufigsten klinischen Symptomen zählen Regurgitieren, Gewichtsverlust, Husten und Foetor ex ore. In den meisten Fällen lässt sich die Diagnose durch röntgenologische Untersuchung des Thorax stellen. Die Diagnose der zugrunde liegenden Ursache erfordert jedoch neben einer ausführlichen Anamneseerhebung zusätzliche diagnostische Maßnahmen. Die Behandlung und die Prognose von Patienten mit Megaösophagus hängen in hohem Maße von der zugrunde liegenden Ursache der Erkrankung ab.

Summary

Megaesophagus is a disorder of the esophagus characterized by diffuse dilation and decreased peristalsis. It is classified into congenital and acquired forms. Gastrointestinal, endocrine, immune-mediated, neuromuscular, paraneoplastic, and toxic disorders have been associated with acquired megaesophagus. Common clinical signs of megaesophagus are regurgitation, weight loss, coughing, and halitosis. Most cases of megaesophagus can be diagnosed using thoracic radiography; however, diagnosing the underlying cause requires a thorough history and additional diagnostics. The treatment, management, and prognosis of megaesophagus vary greatly depending on the underlying cause.

Schlüsselwörter

Speiseröhre - Regurgitieren - Myasthenia gravis

Key words

Esophagus - regurgitation - myasthenia gravis

^* Übersetzter modifizierter Nachdruck des Artikels Mace S, Shelton GD, Eddlestone S. Megaesophagus. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2012; 34 (2): E1–E8. Nachdruck mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Vetstreet.

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