Genetische Aspekte der Fruchtbarkeit beim Schwein

Zusammenfassung:

Für den genetischen Anteil der Fruchtbarkeit lässt sich in den letzten drei Jahrzehntenbei den einschlägigen Rassen praktisch keine Steigerung beobachten. Die Ursache hierfür istzum großen Teil in der geringen Erblichkeitder Merkmale, aber auch in der geringen Selektionsintensitätzu suchen. Letztere wird dadurch erschwert, dass die Selektionsmerkmale geschlechtsbegrenzt sind, erst in fortgeschrittenem Alter der Tiere zurVerfügung stehen und sich aufgrund derausgeprägten Umwelteinflüsse sehr aufwendig und ungenau in der Erfassung darstellen. Ein wichtiges Ziel fürdie Zukunft ist daherdie Ergänzung der phänotypischen Selektion durch die direkte Berücksichtigung der DNA-Ebene mittels Genmarkern. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt den aktuellen Stand der Forschung auf dem Weg zur Entwicklung von Genmarkern und Kandidatengenen sowie deren Einsatz in der züchterischen Praxis.

Summary:

Reproductive traits in common pig breeds have not been improved during the last thirty years. The major reasons for this are: The traits of interest are expressed in females and at a late age only, they display low heritabilities and they are difficult to record due to overlaying environmental factors. Thus, a major goal for the future is to complement classical quantitative genetic selection strategies allowing directly for the DNA-level by gene markers. The present paper describes the relevant state of research on gene markers and candidate genes and their use in breeding practice.

Schlüsselwörter:

Schwein - Fruchtbarkeit - QTL-Kandidatengene

Key words:

Swine - fertility - QTL - candidate genes

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