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Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2015; 09(04): 191-197
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618937
Übersichtsarbeit
Schattauer GmbH

Fötale Prägung und frühkindliche Ernährung

Ist eine Primärprävention von Adipositas möglich?Fetal programming and early nutritionIs primary prevention of obesity possible?
J. Günther
1   Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München Campus D, Technische Universität München, München
,
J. Kunath
1   Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München Campus D, Technische Universität München, München
,
B. Wessels
1   Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München Campus D, Technische Universität München, München
,
K. Rauh
1   Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München Campus D, Technische Universität München, München
,
H. Hauner
1   Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München Campus D, Technische Universität München, München
2   Kompetenzzentrum für Ernährung (KErn), Freising
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Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 December 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas steigt weltweit. Davon sind in zunehmendem Maße auch Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter sowie Kinder und Jugendliche betroffen. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Gesundheit des Kindes bereits im Mutterleib geprägt wird. Der Lebensstil der Mutter in der Schwangerschaft kann die spätere Körpergewichtsentwicklung des Kindes beeinflussen sowie das langfristige Risiko für die Entstehung kardiovaskulärer und metabolischer Erkrankungen mitbestimmen. Neben dem prägraviden Körpergewicht der Mutter sind die Gewichtszunahme während der Schwangerschaft und das Vorliegen eines Gestationsdiabetes wichtige Determinanten für den Verlauf der Schwangerschaft, aber auch für die spätere Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind. Eine ausgewogenen Ernährung, regelmäßige körperliche Bewegung sowie der Verzicht auf Rauchen wirken sich nicht nur positive auf die Gesundheit der werdenden Mutter, sondern auch auf die des Kindes aus. Die Entwicklung von Übergewicht beim Kind sowie Adipositas-assoziierte Erkrankungen könnten durch effektive Interventionsstrategien während der Schwangerschaft vermieden werden. Ebenso wie pränatale Faktoren, können auch verschiedene postnatale Faktoren, insbesondere im ersten Lebensjahr, das Übergewichtsrisiko beeinflussen. Hierbei warden Faktoren wie das Stillen, eine übermäßige Proteinzufuhr und der Zeitpunkt der Beikosteinführung diskutiert.

Summary

The prevalence of overweight and obesity rises worldwide. Increasingly, also women in reproductive age as well as children and adolescents are affected. Scientific evidence supports the concept of fetal programming as the origin of a number of diseases in later life. The maternal lifestyle during pregnancy can be linked to both weight development of the infants as well as long-term development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Maternal pregravid weight, excessive gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus contribute to pregnancy complications and influence the health status of both mother and child. Recent studies have shown that adequate intervention strategies during pregnancy, including a well-balanced diet, regular physical activity and the avoidance of smoking, can prevent negative health outcomes such as overweight and obesity in later life. Also postnatal influences especially in the first year of life like breastfeeding, excessive protein intake, and infant feeding practices are discussed to have impact on the risk of overweight.

Schlüsselwörter

Fötale Prägung - Frühkindliche Ernährung - Adipositas - Gewichtszunahme in der Schwangerschaft

Keywords

Fetal programming - early nutrition - obesity - gestational weight gain
 

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