Epidemiological Profile of Intracerebral Hemorrhage during a 10-Year Period in a Southern Brazilian Region

Abstract

Objective Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is responsible for 20% of all cases of cerebrovascular accidents, which might lead to functional disabilities and death. There are few epidemiological data on spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Brazil, and more specifically in the southern region of the country.

Methods We reviewed data of 221 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who attended our department between January of 2004 and December of 2013 and were registered as I61 and I62 according to the 10^th edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10).

Results From the 221 cases, 53.8% were male, and the median age was 63 years old. Arterial hypertension was reported in 62.4% of the patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 28.9% of all cases and pneumonia affected 19.9%. In 73.4% of the cases, the patients died or were severely disabled at discharge. We found an association of heart disease, coagulopathies, chronic kidney disease, anticoagulant drugs use, surgical treatment, and pneumonia with a poorer outcome.

Conclusion The present study describes the epidemiological profile of intracerebral hemorrhage in a southern Brazilian population during a 10-year period.

Resumo

Introdução A hemorragia cerebral espontânea é responsável por 20% de todos os acidentes vasculares cerebrais e acarreta grande número de óbitos e incapacidade funcional. Poucos são os dados epidemiológicos da hemorragia cerebral espontânea no Brasil, e especificamente no Sul do Brasil.

Metodologia Foram revisados 221 casos de hemorragia cerebral espontânea atendidos entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2013, selecionados aleatoriamente dentre os casos registrados como I61 e I62 de acordo com a 10^a revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10) nesse período.

Resultados Dos 221 casos, 53,8% eram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 63 anos e a distância média do local de residência até o centro de tratamento foi de 78,7 Km. Hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi relatada em 62,4% dos casos, diabetes mellitus em 20,4% e tabagismo em 15,4%. Tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado em 28,9% dos casos; pneumonia ocorreu em 19,9%, e 73,4% evoluíram com óbito ou incapacidade grave. Encontramos uma associação entre cardiopatia, coagulopatias, insuficiência renal crônica, uso de anticoagulantes, tratamento cirúrgico, pneumonia e sepse com um pior desfecho.

Conclusão O presente estudo descreve o perfil epidemiológico da hemorragia cerebral espontânea de uma população do Sul do Brasil e os fatores prognósticos encontrados no período de 10 anos.

Keywords

intracerebral hemorrhage - epidemiology - Brazil - cerebrovascular accident/stroke

Palavras chave

hemorragia cerebral - epidemiologia - Brasil - acidente vascular cerebral

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