Erratum: Pediatric Motor Stereotypies: An Updated Review

It has been brought to the Publisher's attention that [Tables 1] and [2] were not attributed correctly to their sources in the above article published in the Journal of Pediatric Neurology, Volume 15, Number 4, 2017 (DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602256). The updated tables along with their source details appear as follows:

Table 1 Differentiating motor tics from stereotypies

	Tics	Stereotypies
Age at onset	6–7 y	< 2 y
Pattern	Variable action with wax and wane	Constant, fixed, and predictable
Movements	Eye blinks, facial grimace, head twists, or shoulder shrugs	Arms/hands (flap, wave), may involve the whole body (rock/head nod)
Vocalization	Sniffing, throat clearing	Moan, humming with movement
Rhythm	Rapid, sudden, random	Rhythmic
Duration	Intermittent, brief, and abrupt	Intermittent, continuous, and prolonged
Severity	Increase until early adolescence	Gradually improve during later childhood
Premonitory urge	Yes	No
Trigger	Excitement, stress	Excitement, stress, also while engrossed in an activity
Subjective experience	Dislike it, and may even deny its presence	Most like it, with no discomfort
Suppression	Brief, voluntary (but have increased “inner tension”)	With distraction, rarely with conscious effort
Distraction	Reduction of tics	Stops
Family history	Frequently positive	Might be positive
Treatment	Clonidine, anti-dopaminergic drugs	Behavioral therapy

Source: Adapted from Mahone EM, Bridges D, Prahme C, Singer HS. Repetitive arm and hand movements (complex motor stereotypies) in children. J Pediatr 2004;145(3):391–395; Singer HS, Mink JW, Gilbert DL, Jankovic J. Motor stereotypies. In: Movement Disorders in Childhood.10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier); 2016:109–125.

Table 2 Etiological classification of motor stereotypies

	Type	Examples
Primary	Common behaviors	Rocking, head banging, finger drumming, pencil tapping, hair twisting
	Head nodding
	Complex motor movements	Hand and arm flapping/waving
Secondary	Autism	Infantile autism, Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disability, Rett's syndrome
	Mental retardation
	Sensory deprivation	Congenital blindness/deafness, caging, constraints
	Inborn errors of metabolism	Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
	Genetic	Neuroacanthocytosis
	Drug-induced	Psychostimulants, tardive dyskinesia
	Infection:	Encephalitis
	Tumor	Bobble-head doll syndrome
	Trauma
	Psychiatric	Obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia, functional

Source: Adapted from Singer HS, Mink JW, Gilbert DL, Jankovic J. Motor stereotypies. In: Movement Disorders in Childhood.10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier); 2016:109–125.