Download PDF
Facial Plast Surg 2017; 33(06): 557-561
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1607447
Original Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Complications of Midface Fractures

Kirkland Lozada
1   Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
,
Sameep Kadakia
1   Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
,
Manoj T. Abraham
2   Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
,
Yadranko Ducic
3   Department of Facial Plastics, Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
01 December 2017 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The midface relies on key vertical and horizontal buttresses for proper function and appearance. Trauma to the midface can lead to untoward complications involving critical structures of this area. Many reviews focus on operative management of midface fractures with little focus on complications of the injury and operative repair. We review the current literature on the most common initial and postoperative complications of midface trauma with a specific focus on zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and Le Fort fracture patterns. A thorough literature review was conducted using PubMed analyzing articles relevant to the subject matter. Various search terms were used to identify articles regarding midface fracture presentation, diagnosis, and management, as well as postoperative complications. Articles were examined by all authors and pertinent information was gleaned for the purpose of generating this review. Disruption of the midfacial buttress system can lead to a significant compromise in form and function. A wide variety of complications are seen in nasal bone fractures, orbital floor fractures, Le Fort, and ZMC fractures. Some fracture patterns can be managed conservatively without operative intervention; however, complications such as loss of facial width/projection, trismus, malocclusion, ocular entrapment, and significant enophthalmos should be managed with open repair. Timing and method of repair depend on patient-specific injury patterns and surgeon preference. Proper management depends on a detailed understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of each fracture pattern along with restoration of the patient's premorbid state. Complications of midface fractures result from disruption of the vertical and horizontal buttress support systems. Proper management and repair of midface complications requires a strong understanding of its anatomic basis and pathophysiology. Sequelae from these fractures can be serious and long lasting if not addresses appropriately. Astute diagnosis and timely management can prevent patients from suffering debilitating long-term sequelae.

Keywords

midface fractures - complications - zygomatic complex

Note

The author does not have any conflict of interest, financial, or otherwise. This article, or any part of it, has not been previously published, nor is it under consideration for publication elsewhere.