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Digestive Disease Interventions 2017; 01(02): 121-137
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603990
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Toxicity of Liver-Directed Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Andrew Lee
1   Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
,
Nicholas Fidelman
2   Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

19 December 2016

31 May 2017

Publication Date:
05 July 2017 (online)

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Abstract

The purpose of this review is to outline the various toxicities of liver-directed therapy approaches employed for treatment of liver-limited hepatocellular carcinoma. The covered topics span toxicities related to ablative and transarterial treatment approaches, including radiofrequency and microwave ablation, cryoablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, transarterial chemoembolization, and yttrium-90 radioembolization. Both common entities, such as postablation, and post(radio)embolization syndrome and hepatotoxicity, as well as uncommon topics (nontarget organ damage, cryoshock, infections, bile duct injuries) are described. Appropriate treatments for management of these side effects are suggested.

Keywords

hepatocellular carcinoma - liver-directed therapy - side effects
 

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