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Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2017; 15(04): 157-165
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603681
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Neurological Outcome at 30 Months of Age after Mild Hypothermia via Selective Head Cooling in Term Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia Using Low-Cost CoolCap: A Single-Center Randomized Control Pilot Trial in India

Suman Das
1   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Nirmalya Sarkar
2   Department of Pediatrics, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Mala Bhattacharya
1   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Suprit Basu
1   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Debashish Sanyal
3   Department of Psychiatry, KPC Medical College, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Anish Chatterjee
1   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
,
Bholanath Aich
4   Department of Pediatrics, Berhampore Medical College, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
,
Kaushani Chatterjee
1   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

07 September 2016

24 April 2017

Publication Date:
02 June 2017 (online)

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of mild systemic hypothermia by selective head cooling in hospital born neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy using low-cost CoolCap. The primary outcome was to determine whether selective head cooling reduces neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) at > 30 months of age. The secondary outcome was to determine the serious adverse effects during selective head cooling such as thrombocytopenia requiring platelets transfusion, renal and hepatic dysfunction, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and dyselectrolytemia (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia). This is a single-center randomized control trial. The risk ratios, risk differences, and numbers needed to treat plus 95% confidence interval (CI) were measured. This study was done at the tertiary care perinatal center. Inborn neonates with ≥ 37 completed weeks of gestation with indicators of perinatal asphyxia and moderate to severe clinical encephalopathy were randomly allocated to hypothermia (n = 30) or standard care (n = 30) groups. The neonates were subjected to mild systemic hypothermia via selective head cooling using ice caps, the target rectal temperature being 34 to 35°C for 72 hours. Therapeutic hypothermia reduced the risk of death and NDD at ≥ 30 months of age: 6 of 30 infants (20%) in the hypothermia group and 18 of 30 infants (60%) in the control group died or had a NDD at ≥ 30 months (risk ratio: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.15–0.72]; p = 0 0.0015). The mortality rate decreased, and the survival rate free of any sensorineural disability increased. The benefits were statistically significant in moderately asphyxiated infants. Adverse effects of hypothermia were minimal. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia in term asphyxiated neonates is safe and inexpensive in low-resource setting. Hypothermia showed statistically significant reduction in mortality and NDD at ≥ 30 months of age when commenced within 6 hours of birth and was not associated with serious adverse effects. The Institutional Clinical Trial Registry number is CNMC/ETHI/317/P.

Keywords

perinatal asphyxia - ice cap - selective head cooling - neurodevelopmental delay - Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants
 

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