Synlett 2017; 28(19): 2587-2593
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1590985
cluster
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Chemoselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–O Bond Activation: Orthogonality of Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions for the Synthesis of Polyaryl Fluorenones

Livia C. R. M. da Frota
a   Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bl H, Ilha da Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
b   Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada   Email: snieckus@chem-queensu.ca
,
Cédric Schneider
c   Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
,
Mauro B. de Amorim
d   Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Espectroscopia Computacional, Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bl H, Ilha da Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
,
Alcides J. M. da Silva
a   Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bl H, Ilha da Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
,
Victor Snieckus*
b   Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada   Email: snieckus@chem-queensu.ca
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 05 October 2017

Accepted after revision: 31 October 2017

Publication Date:
14 November 2017 (online)


Published as part of the Cluster C–O Activation

Abstract

Ruthenium-catalyzed C–O bond activation/arylation of methoxy and O-carbamoyl-substituted fluorenones is reported. Established are new reactions of compound 1 (X = H) to aryl (2) and 1,8-diaryl (3) fluorenones. Orthogonal ruthenium-, palladium- and nickel-catalyzed reactions with Suzuki–Miyaura reactions to afford 1,4-diaryl (4) and 1,4,8-triaryl fluorenones (5) are also described. The ready availability of starting methoxy fluorenones by directed ortho and remote metalation tactics confers facility to the presented reactions which may find application in material science areas. DFT calculations have been performed to rationalize the lack of C–H bond reactivity in the ruthenium-catalyzed reaction.

Supporting Information

 
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  • 27 Toluene and pinacolone are both solvents of choice for the Ru-catalyzed C–H and C–O activation reaction. Whereas pinacolone has been used as a hydrogen acceptor to suppress the reduction of the aromatic ketone substrate in the C–H activation reaction (see ref. 24b) such use for the C-O activation has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported.
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  • 29 General Procedures to the Ru-Catalyzed Arylation of FluorenonesA dried Biotage microwave vial equipped with a magnetic stirring bar and a nitrogen inlet was sequentially charged with fluo­renone (1, 0.5 mmol), boronic ester (6, 0.5–1 mmol), pinacolone (0.5 mL), and RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3 (10 mol%). The reaction mixture was heated under MW irradiation at 150 °C for 2.5–8 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL), washed with brine, subjected to filtration, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification using flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 1:9 hexanes/EtOAc) afforded product 2.1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-one (2g)Yellow solid, 91% yield; mp 156–158 °C (hexanes). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.59 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.53–7.46 (m, 5 H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2 H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 193.1 (C), 162.9 (d, 1JC–F = 247.3 Hz, C), 145.6 (C), 143.5 (C), 141.2 (C), 134.6 (CH), 134.3 (CH), 134.2 (C), 133.3 (d, 4JC–F = 3.2 Hz, C), 131.5 (CH), 130.9 (d, 3JC–F = 8.26 Hz, 2 CH), 129.6 (C), 129.3 (CH), 124.2 (CH), 120.1 (CH), 119.3 (CH), 114.87 (d, 2JC–F = 21.5 Hz, 2 CH). IR (CH2Cl2): 1709, 1159 cm–1. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for (C19H12FO)+: 275.0867; found: 275.0875.
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