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Synlett 2017; 28(03): 357-361
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588903
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588903
letter
Synthesis of Electron-Deficient N1-(Hetero)aryl 3,3,5,5-Tetramethyl Piperazinones
Further Information
Publication History
Received: 24 August 2016
Accepted after revision: 05 October 2016
Publication Date:
20 October 2016 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/synlett/201703/lookinside/thumbnails/st-2016-b0560-l_10-1055_s-0036-1588903-1.jpg)
Abstract
An alternative synthesis of N1-(hetero)aryl 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted piperazin-2-ones is demonstrated using a copper-mediated Goldberg arylation of a common intermediate in good to fair yields. An improved synthesis of 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl piperazin-2-one is also described. This method allows for the synthesis of substituted piperazin-2-ones which are challenging or inaccessible using traditional Bargellini chemistry.
Supporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588903.
- Supporting Information
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References and Notes
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- 6 A survey of the literature on this class of compounds shows that out of the 730 reported examples, remarkably, only 23 bear an electron-withdrawing group on the lactam (Scifinder substructure search excluding prophetic in patents on 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted scaffolds, August 2016). Included are both piperazin-2-ones and 2,6-diketopiperazinones.
- 8 We observed intractable mixtures with multiple products from side reactions, including decarboxylation and imidazoline formation.
- 9 Chern C.-Y, Huang Y.-P, Kan WM. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003; 44: 1039
- 10 Related hindered amines (3,3,5,5-tetramethyl morpholin-2-ones) have been shown to coordinate to palladium and undergo C–H activation processes. See ref. 4.
- 11 For substrate 3e, degradation was observed under the reaction conditions.
- 12 Compound 3k has been prepared by Lai (see ref. 7a,b) and 3l has been prepared by author TAA using the Bargellini reaction in 47% yield (unpublished results).
- 13 Synthesis of N1-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine (1c) AcOH (0.260 mL, 4.54 mmol) was added to 2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine (0.595 mL, 5.67 mmol) and 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (943 mg, 5.67 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) at r.t. under nitrogen. The resulting slurry turns yellow rapidly (CAUTION: exotherm). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with MeOH (20 mL), NaBH4 (429 mg, 11.34 mmol) was added portionwise, and the reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h (CAUTION: gas evolution). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the white residue was treated with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 × 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to give a 4:1 mixture of alkylation regioisomers. For characterisation, the crude yellow oil obtained was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0–10% 7 N NH3 in MeOH in CH2Cl2. Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford the product as a 9:1 mixture of regioisomers in favor of 1c (1104 mg, 82%) as a colourless oil. Rf = 0.31 (CH2Cl2–7N NH3 in MeOH = 9:1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.14 (1 H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.47–6.40 (2 H, m), 3.81 (3 H, s), 3.80 (3 H, s), 3.75 (2 H, s), 2.40 (2 H, s), 1.43 (3 H, s), 1.07 (6 H, s). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 160.1, 158.8, 130.3, 121.6, 103.9, 98.8, 61.7, 55.5, 55.5, 50.0, 49.9, 28.9 (2 C). IR: 3347, 2959, 2835, 1613, 1589, 1506, 1464, 1439, 1419, 1372, 1289, 1260, 1208, 1156, 1131, 1038 cm–1. HRMS (TOF ES+): m/z calcd for C13H23N2O2 [M + H]+: 239.17540; found: 239.17560.
- 14 Synthesis of 1-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazin-2-one (3b) 50% aq. NaOH (1.908 mL, 36.14 mmol) was added dropwise to 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methylpropan-2-ol (2.70 g, 14.46 mmol), 1c (2.36 g, 7.23 mmol), and N-benzyl-N,N-triethylammonium chloride (0.165 g, 0.72 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (70 mL) cooled to 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C and left to warm to r.t. over 20 h. The reaction mixture was treated with H2O (50 mL) until any solid had dissolved. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a pale yellow oil. The crude product was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 50–100% EtOAc in heptane, monitored at 280 nm. Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford 3b (1.510 g, 68%) as a viscous pale yellow oil; Rf = 0.12 (EtOAc). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.20 (1 H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.49–6.39 (2 H, m), 4.58 (2 H, s), 3.80 (3 H, s), 3.79 (3 H, s), 3.09 (2 H, s), 1.39 (6 H, s), 1.35 (1 H, br s), 1.09 (6 H, s). 13C (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 173.8, 160.5, 158.9, 131.4, 117.9, 104.5, 98.6, 58.9, 55.6, 55.5, 55.5, 48.9, 45.2, 30.6 (2 C), 27.8 (2 C). IR (): 3473, 1614, 1505, 1463, 1288, 1265, 1208, 1158, 1119, 1038 cm–1. HRMS (TOF ES+): m/z calcd for C17H27N2O3 [M + H]+: 307.20162; found: 307.20157.
- 15 Synthesis of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3-oxopiperazin-1-ium 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate (5, p-TsOH Salt) Compound 3b (2.37 g, 7.73 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (23 mL) at r.t. p-TsOH (3.24 g, 17.02 mmol) was then added, and the resulting solution was stirred at 120 °C for 2.5 h. The reaction was quenched with MeOH. The purple residue was triturated with CH2Cl2 and filtered to give 5 (p-TsOH salt, 2.388 g, 94%) as an amorphous white powder. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δ = 9.00 (2 H, br s), 8.31 (1 H, br s), 7.50 (2 H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.13 (2 H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 3.29 (2 H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 2.29 (3 H, s), 1.51 (6 H, s), 1.40 (6 H, s). 13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δ = 168.5, 145.6, 137.7, 128.1, 125.5, 57.8, 54.3, 48.1, 26.2, 22.9 (2 C), 20.8 (2 C). IR: 3276, 1688, 1610, 1585, 1507, 1463, 1395, 1343, 1294, 1213, 101, 1185, 1165, 1094, 1034 cm–1. HRMS (TOF ES+): m/z calcd for C8H17N2O [M + H]+: 157.13354; found: 157.13342.
- 16 Representative Synthesis of 3,3,5,5-Tetramethyl-1-(pyridin-3-yl)piperazin-2-one (3a) 1,10-Phenanthroline (10.97 mg, 0.06 mmol) was added to 3-iodopyridine (94 mg, 0.46 mmol), 5 (p-TsOH salt, 100 mg, 0.30 mmol), CuI (11.60 mg, 0.06 mmol), and K3PO4 (323 mg, 1.52 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at r.t. under nitrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 1 d. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite®, and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (3 × 5 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to give a yellow residue which was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0–10% MeOH in CH2Cl2. Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford 3a (49 mg, 68%) as an amorphous waxy yellow solid. Rf = 0.41 (CH2Cl2–MeOH = 9:1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.56 (1 H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 8.48 (1 H, dd, J = 1.5, 4.8 Hz), 7.69 (1 H, ddd, J = 1.5, 2.6, 8.2 Hz), 7.32 (1 H, ddd, J = 0.7, 4.8, 8.2 Hz), 3.64 (2 H, s), 1.47 (7 H, s), 1.31 (6 H, s). N–H signal appeared under the methyl signal at δ = 1.47 ppm. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 174.4, 147.5, 146.8, 140.0, 133.3, 123.6, 62.5, 56.1, 49.7, 30.7 (2 C), 27.9 (2 C). IR (): 3357, 3057, 2969, 2928, 1669, 1587, 1572, 1467, 1434, 1402, 1347, 1302, 1283, 1246, 1206, 1173, 1151, 1110 cm–1. HRMS (TOF ES+): m/z calcd for C13H19N3O [M + H]+: 234.16009; found: 234.15987.
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