Vasopressin in Pediatric Critical Care

Abstract

Vasopressin is a unique hormone with complex receptor physiology and numerous physiologic functions beyond its well-known vascular actions and osmoregulation. While vasopressin has in the past been primarily used in the management of diabetes insipidus and acute gastrointestinal bleeding, an increased understanding of the physiology of refractory shock, and the role of vasopressin in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis prompted a renewed interest in the therapeutic roles for this hormone in the critical care setting. Identifying vasopressin-deficient individuals for the purposes of assessing responsiveness to exogenous hormone and prognosticating outcome has expanded research into the evaluation of vasopressin and its precursor, copeptin as useful biomarkers. This review summarizes the current evidence for vasopressin in critically ill children, with a specific focus on its use in the management of shock. We outline important considerations and current guidelines, when considering the use of vasopressin or its analogues in the pediatric critical care setting.

Keywords

vasopressin - pediatrics - shock

• References

• 1 Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT. Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1—receptor physiology. Crit Care 2003; 7 (6) 427-434
• 2 Treschan TA, Peters J. The vasopressin system: physiology and clinical strategies. Anesthesiology 2006; 105 (3) 599-612 , quiz 639–640
• 3 Maybauer MO, Maybauer DM, Enkhbaatar P, Traber DL. Physiology of the vasopressin receptors. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2008; 22 (2) 253-263
• 4 Delmas A, Leone M, Rousseau S, Albanèse J, Martin C. Clinical review: vasopressin and terlipressin in septic shock patients. Crit Care 2005; 9 (2) 212-222
• 5 Dunser MW, Wenzel V, Mayr AJ, Hasibeder WR. Management of vasodilatory shock: defining the role of arginine vasopressin. Drugs 2003; 63 (3) 237-256
• 6 Robin JK, Oliver JA, Landry DW. Vasopressin deficiency in the syndrome of irreversible shock. J Trauma 2003; 54 (5, Suppl) S149-S154
• 7 Ertmer C, Bone H-G, Morelli A , et al. Methylprednisolone reverses vasopressin hyporesponsiveness in ovine endotoxemia. Shock 2007; 27 (3) 281-288
• 8 Choong K, Bohn D, Fraser DD , et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Vasopressin in pediatric vasodilatory shock: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180 (7) 632-639
• 9 Rosenzweig EB, Starc TJ, Chen JM , et al. Intravenous arginine-vasopressin in children with vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery. Circulation 1999; 100 (19 Suppl) II182-II186
• 10 Lodha R, Vivekanandhan S, Sarthi M, Kabra SK. Serial circulating vasopressin levels in children with septic shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7 (3) 220-224
• 11 Mastropietro CW. Arginine vasopressin and paediatric cardiovascular surgery. OA Critical Care 2013; 1 (1) 7
• 12 Carcillo JA, Pollack MM, Ruttimann UE, Fields AI. Sequential physiologic interactions in pediatric cardiogenic and septic shock. Crit Care Med 1989; 17 (1) 12-16
• 13 Ceneviva G, Paschall JA, Maffei F, Carcillo JA. Hemodynamic support in fluid-refractory pediatric septic shock. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (2) e19
• 14 Latronico N, Castioni CA. Copeptin in critical illness. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52 (10) 1391-1393
• 15 Schlapbach LJ, Frey S, Bigler S , et al. Copeptin concentration in cord blood in infants with early-onset sepsis, chorioamnionitis and perinatal asphyxia. BMC Pediatr 2011; 11: 38
• 16 Lin C, Wang N, Shen ZP, Zhao ZY. Plasma copeptin concentration and outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Peptides 2013; 42: 43-47
• 17 Kam PC, Williams S, Yoong FF. Vasopressin and terlipressin: pharmacology and its clinical relevance. Anaesthesia 2004; 59 (10) 993-1001
• 18 Choong K, Kissoon N. Vasopressin in pediatric shock and cardiac arrest. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008; 9 (4) 372-379
• 19 Vande Walle J, Stockner M, Raes A, Nørgaard JP. Desmopressin 30 years in clinical use: a safety review. Curr Drug Saf 2007; 2 (3) 232-238
• 20 Sharman A, Low J. Vasopressin and its role in critical care. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain 2008; 8 (4) 134-137
• 21 Lange M, Morelli A, Ertmer C , et al. Continuous versus bolus infusion of terlipressin in ovine endotoxemia. Shock 2007; 28 (5) 623-629
• 22 Morelli A, Ertmer C, Rehberg S , et al. Continuous terlipressin versus vasopressin infusion in septic shock (TERLIVAP): a randomized, controlled pilot study. Crit Care 2009; 13 (4) R130
• 23 Russell JA. Vasopressin in vasodilatory and septic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care 2007; 13 (4) 383-391
• 24 Tuggle DW, Bennett KG, Scott J, Tunell WP. Intravenous vasopressin and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children. J Pediatr Surg 1988; 23 (7) 627-629
• 25 Ertmer C, Rehberg S, Westphal M. Vasopressin analogues in the treatment of shock states: potential pitfalls. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2008; 22 (2) 393-406
• 26 Xiao X, Zhu Y, Zhen D , et al. Beneficial and side effects of arginine vasopressin and terlipressin for septic shock. J Surg Res 2015; 195 (2) 568-579
• 27 Avni T, Lador A, Lev S, Leibovici L, Paul M, Grossman A. Vasopressors for the treatment of septic shock: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2015; 10 (8) e0129305
• 28 Russell JA, Walley KR, Singer J , et al; VASST Investigators. Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (9) 877-887
• 29 Zhou F, Mao Z, Zeng X , et al. Vasopressors in septic shock: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11: 1047-1059
• 30 Baldasso E, Garcia PC, Piva JP, Branco RG, Tasker RC. Pilot safety study of low-dose vasopressin in non-septic critically ill children. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35 (2) 355-359
• 31 Yildizdas D, Yapicioglu H, Celik U, Sertdemir Y, Alhan E. Terlipressin as a rescue therapy for catecholamine-resistant septic shock in children. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34 (3) 511-517
• 32 Weidenfeld J, Yirmiya R. Effects of bacterial endotoxin on the glucocorticoid feedback regulation of adrenocortical response to stress. Neuroimmunomodulation 1996; 3 (6) 352-357
• 33 Murasawa S, Matsubara H, Kizima K, Maruyama K, Mori Y, Inada M. Glucocorticoids regulate V1a vasopressin receptor expression by increasing mRNA stability in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 1995; 26 (4) 665-669
• 34 Russell JA, Walley KR, Gordon AC , et al; Dieter Ayers for the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial Investigators. Interaction of vasopressin infusion, corticosteroid treatment, and mortality of septic shock. Crit Care Med 2009; 37 (3) 811-818
• 35 Torgersen C, Dünser MW, Wenzel V , et al. Comparing two different arginine vasopressin doses in advanced vasodilatory shock: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36 (1) 57-65
• 36 Lauzier F, Lesur O. Arginine-vasopressin and corticosteroids in septic shock: engaged but not yet married!. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37 (9) 1406-1408
• 37 Morris DC, Dereczyk BE, Grzybowski M , et al. Vasopressin can increase coronary perfusion pressure during human cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4 (9) 878-883
• 38 Stiell IG, Hébert PC, Wells GA , et al. Vasopressin versus epinephrine for inhospital cardiac arrest: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001; 358 (9276) 105-109
• 39 Wenzel V, Krismer AC, Arntz HR, Sitter H, Stadlbauer KH, Lindner KH ; European Resuscitation Council Vasopressor during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Study Group. A comparison of vasopressin and epinephrine for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (2) 105-113
• 40 Aung K, Htay T. Vasopressin for cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165 (1) 17-24
• 41 Duncan J, Schexnayder S, Goel R , et al. Vasopressin for in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: results from the AHA National Registry for CPR (NRCPR). Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009; 10: 191-195
• 42 Mentzelopoulos SD, Malachias S, Chamos C , et al. Vasopressin, steroids, and epinephrine and neurologically favorable survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 310 (3) 270-279
• 43 Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM , et al. Part 14: pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122 (18) (Suppl. 03) S876-S908
• 44 The 2014 American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2015; Under Review
• 45 Jerath N, Frndova H, McCrindle BW, Gurofsky R, Humpl T. Clinical impact of vasopressin infusion on hemodynamics, liver and renal function in pediatric patients. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34 (7) 1274-1280
• 46 Nishibe S, Tsujita M. The impact of intraoperative vasopressin infusion in complex neonatal cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012; 15 (6) 966-972
• 47 McKeown DW, Bonser RS, Kellum JA. Management of the heartbeating brain-dead organ donor. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108 (Suppl. 01) i96-i107
• 48 Stehlik J, Feldman DS, Brown RN , et al; Cardiac Transplant Research Database Group. Interactions among donor characteristics influence post-transplant survival: a multi-institutional analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29 (3) 291-298
• 49 Shemie SD, Ross H, Pagliarello J , et al; Pediatric Recommendations Group. Organ donor management in Canada: recommendations of the forum on medical management to optimize donor organ potential. CMAJ 2006; 174 (6) S13-S32
• 50 Stathopoulos L, Nicaise C, Michel F , et al. Terlipressin as rescue therapy for refractory pulmonary hypertension in a neonate with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46 (2) e19-e21
• 51 Radicioni M, Troiani S, Camerini PG. Effects of terlipressin on pulmonary artery pressure in a septic cooled infant: an echocardiographic assessment. J Perinatol 2012; 32 (11) 893-895
• 52 Augustin S, González A, Genescà J. Acute esophageal variceal bleeding: Current strategies and new perspectives. World J Hepatol 2010; 2 (7) 261-274
• 53 Owensby S, Taylor K, Wilkins T. Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. J Am Board Fam Med 2015; 28 (1) 134-145
• 54 Takemoto C, Hodding J, Kraus D. Pediatric and Neonatal Dosage Handbook. 21st ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp; 2014
• 55 Katz K, Lawler J, Wax J, O'Connor R, Nadkarni V. Vasopressin pressor effects in critically ill children during evaluation for brain death and organ recovery. Resuscitation 2000; 47 (1) 33-40