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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37(03): 331-357
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582011
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Prognosis, and Management

Joseph P. Lynch III
1   Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
,
Richard H. Huynh
1   Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
,
Michael C. Fishbein
2   Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
,
Rajan Saggar
1   Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
,
John A. Belperio
1   Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
,
S. Sam Weigt
1   Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
27 May 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic interstitial lung pneumonia associated with the histologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Although UIP is a distinct histologic lesion, this histologic pattern is not specific for IPF and can also be found in other diseases (e.g., connective tissue disease and asbestosis). Clinical features of IPF include progressive cough, dyspnea, restrictive ventilatory defect, and progressive fibrosis and destruction of the lung parenchyma. IPF is rare (13–42 cases/100,000), and primarily affects older adults (>50 years of age). The diagnosis of IPF often requires surgical lung biopsy, but the diagnosis can be affirmed with confidence in some patients provided the results of computed tomographic (CT) scans and clinical features are consistent. The clinical course is variable, but inexorable progression (typically over months to years) is typical. Mean survival from the onset of symptoms approximates 3 to 5 years. Medical treatment is only modestly effective, primarily by slowing the rate of disease progression. Lung transplantation is the best therapeutic option.

Keywords

cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - usual interstitial pneumonia
 

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