Self-Assessment Questions

This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.

Article One (pp. 63–73)

1. The Child Language Data Exchange System is

   • a collection of treatment approaches for language disorders

   • a center for individuals and families with aphasia

   • a computer program for automated linguistic analysis of language samples

   • a multimedia database for the study of first-language development

   • a fund for language learning research

2. CLAN is

   • a set of programs designed to analyze data transcribed in the CHAT format

   • a database of family-based language interactions

   • a computer program designed to differentially diagnose language disorders

   • a statistical program for linguistic analysis

   • a speech recognition tool

3. KIDEVAL is

   • a method for treating language disorder

   • a group therapy method

   • a method for transcribing language samples

   • available for all written languages

   • a program compiling summary measures from language samples

4. The best measure of lexical diversity is

   • vocD

   • type-token ratio (TTR)

   • Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn)

   • Moving Average Type-Token Ratio

   • mean length of utterance (MLU)

5. To run the MOR program without error, you must

   • link all grammatical relations

   • make sure all words are recognized by MOR

   • run CHECK

   • all the above

   • only B and C

   Article Two (pp. 74–84)

6. Major problems with speech-language pathologists' use of “manual” language sample analysis include all of the following except

   • a tendency for few speech-language pathologists to report language sample analysis (LSA) values when assessing children, particularly very young children

   • a tendency to report only MLU

   • a tendency to collect very short language samples

   • all of the above

7. Computer-assisted LSA can speed which of the following steps?

   • Transcription of the sample

   • Grammatical parsing of the sample

   • Computation of a wide range of measures using the single transcription

   • All of the above

8. Currently available reference values for MLU, IPSyn, developmental sentence score (DSS), and TTR are based on particularly small cohorts for which age group?

   • Kindergarten children

   • Toddlers between 24 and 36 months of age

   • Middle school children

   • Language-impaired children across the age range

9. The two sets of LSA data discussed in this article suggest that

   • MLU, DSS, and IPSyn are probably interchangeable measures for assessment purposes

   • MLU is probably most informative for older children, contrary to historical opinion

   • each of these measures may be more informative at some ages than throughout childhood

   • all of the above

10. The two sets of LSA data discussed in this article suggest that

    • DSS and IPSYN may measure different constructs and therefore are not interchangeable measures

    • DSS is basically interchangeable with MLU for most purposes

    • VocD and TTR measure basically the same constructs across childhood

    • currently available LSA measures are unsuited to clinical practice

    Article Three (pp. 85–105)

11. PhonBank is:

    • a collection of treatment approaches for phonology

    • a shared multimedia database for the study of phonology

    • a computer program for automated phonological analysis

    • a scholarship program to fund research on phonology

    • a set of tools for the transcription of phonological data

12. Phon is

    • a computer system to record data on phonetics and phonology

    • a replacement for Praat in the area of acoustic analysis

    • a computer program to facilitate the transcription and analysis of phonological data

    • a system to automatically convert speech data to IPA transcription

    • a test of proficiency for phonology

13. A recent survey of clinical practices in speech-language pathology (Brumbaugh and Smit 2013) has shown that

    • most clinicians conduct separate analyses of phonological patterns in initial versus final position

    • data sharing is becoming the norm among practitioners

    • the Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns is the most commonly used speech assessment tool

    • most clinical assessments of child speech include a formal, blinded evaluation of intelligibility

    • only 20% of clinicians use nonlinear/syllable-structure-based approaches to speech intervention

14. Within clinical phonology, analyses of phonological production are often framed within the two main categories of

    • analyses of sounds and analyses of phonological features

    • relational analyses and independent analyses

    • prosodic analyses and acoustic analyses

    • segmental analyses and positional analyses (within the word or utterance)

    • analyses of accurate and inaccurate phonological productions

15. Within the context of Phon, structured data recording sessions offer one key advantage, which is that

    • they do not require a separate step of orthographic transcription

    • they make data analysis easier

    • they take less time to record

    • they permit the use of specific analyses

    • they are easier to achieve for the participants

    Article Four (pp. 106–116)

16. Which one of the following utterances is not included in the finite verb morphology composite analysis?

    • He happy.

    • The dog is running.

    • John walks every day.

    • Eating a cookie.

17. Which one of the following utterances does not have a target morpheme for the finite verb morphology composite?

    • What is Dad doing?

    • She stays in the castle.

    • He just ran away.

    • The rabbit jumped.

18. Literature has shown that the finite verb morphology composite demonstrates acceptable diagnostic accuracy for children up to

    • 6 years,11 months of age

    • 8 years, 11 months of age

    • 10 years, 11 months of age

    • 12 years, 11 months of age

19. Which one of the following utterances is not included in the percent grammatical utterance analysis?

    • “Them fighting” in response to the question “What is the boy doing?”

    • “Up in the tree” in response to the question “What is happening in the picture?”

    • “Playing a game” in response to the question “What is the boy doing?”

    • “Taking a cookie” in response to the question “What is happening in the picture?”

20. In the assessment, you hear a child say “I want go there. Her is happy. The dog isn't sleeping. The boy put a letter.” What is the value of percent grammatical utterances in the four utterances?

    • 0%

    • 25%

    • 50%

    • 75%

    Article Five (pp. 117–127)

21. Which of the following would be considered a stuttering-like disfluency?

    • Phrase revision

    • Filled pause

    • Stall

    • Part-word repetition

22. Which of the following is not associated with typical disfluencies?

    • Compensation for lexical retrieval difficulty

    • Buying time without yielding one's conversational turn

    • Increased speed of cognitive processing

    • Revising one's message after an error occurs

23. In terms of stuttering in bilingual children, what statement is true?

    • Bilingual children stutter more than monolingual children do.

    • There are many studies on bilingualism and stuttering in children.

    • Research methods are similar in the bilingual stuttering literature, making it easy to compare across studies.

    • Parents of preschool bilingual children appear to overestimate the presence of stuttering in their children.

24. Levelt's model of speech production consists of which of the following three levels?

    • Conceptualizer, formulator, and articulator

    • Lemma, lexeme, and articulator

    • Conceptualizer, revision level, and auditory feedback levels

    • Reformulator, precognitive, and postproduction levels

25. In the sample of 30-month-old bilingual children (n = 20), what statement best summarizes the findings on their typical disfluencies?

    • Disfluency rates were significantly higher in English than in Spanish.

    • Revisions were the most frequently observed disfluency type.

    • There were no significant differences in disfluency rate in Spanish and English.

    • Disfluency rate did not correlate with any vocabulary measure.

    Article Six (pp. 128–142)

26. HomeBank is

    • a financial instrument

    • a facility specializing in home audio treatment

    • an online repository of daylong audio files

    • a computer program for collecting audio files in the laboratory

    • a computer program to investigate genetic influence of languages

27. The process to become a HomeBank member

    • does not exist

    • requires evidence of ethical training and registration

    • is only for principal investigators, but not students or the public

    • will be determined by 2020

    • requires detailed contracts and Institutional Review Board approval

28. Researchers have been using extended audio to study child speech

    • since 2010

    • since the 1850s

    • since at least the 1970s, but improved technology has accelerated its use

    • only in animal populations

    • only with fixed audio in controlled laboratory situations

29. HomeBank database resources are likely to be of interest to

    • administrators

    • linguists, developmental psychologists, and audio engineers

    • ornithology enthusiasts

    • preschool children with and without autism

    • primarily users with disorders and disabilities

30. Some of the basic files contained in HomeBank are

    • daylong audio recordings

    • metadata associated with audio recordings

    • computer programs to process audio recordings

    • all of the above

    • none of the above