RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580727
Treatment of Infected Facial Implants
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
04. Mai 2016 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/sps/201602/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0036-1580727_01084-1.jpg)
Abstract
Alloplastic facial implants have a wide range of uses to achieve the appropriate facial contour. A variety of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics and synthetic injectable fillers are available to the reconstructive and aesthetic surgeon. Besides choosing the right surgical technique and the adequate material, the surgeon must be prepared to treat complications. Infection is an uncommon but serious complication that can cause displeasing consequences for the patient. There are few references in literature regarding treatment and management of facial implant–related infections. This study aims to discuss the role of biofilm in predisposing alloplastic materials to infection, to provide a review of literature, to describe our own institutional experience, and to define a patient care pathway for facial implant–associated infection.
-
References
- 1 Carlin GA. Personally fabricated chin implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 1973; 51 (2) 121-128
- 2 Adams WM, Adams LH. Internal wire fixation of facial fractures; a fifteen-year follow-up report. Am J Surg 1956; 92 (1) 12-17
- 3 Yano T, Okazaki M, Tanaka K, Iida H. The flap sandwich technique for a safe and aesthetic skull base reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2016; 76 (2) 193-197
- 4 Miles BA, Sinn DP, Gion GG. Experience with cranial implant-based prosthetic reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2006; 17 (5) 889-897
- 5 Campbell CA, Lin KY. Complications of rigid internal fixation. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2009; 2 (1) 41-47
- 6 Niechajev I. Facial reconstruction using porous high-density polyethylene (medpor): long-term results. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012; 36 (4) 917-927
- 7 Romo III T, Morris LG, Reitzen SD, Ghossaini SN, Wazen JJ, Kohan D. Reconstruction of congenital microtia-atresia: outcomes with the Medpor/bone-anchored hearing aid-approach. Ann Plast Surg 2009; 62 (4) 384-389
- 8 Gosau M, Draenert FG, Ihrler S. Facial augmentation with porous polyethylene (Medpor)—histological evidence of intense foreign body reaction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 87 (1) 83-87
- 9 Ramakrishnan JB, Danner CJ, Yee SW. The use of porous polyethylene implants to correct nasal valve collapse. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 136 (3) 357-361
- 10 Godin M, Costa L, Romo T, Truswell W, Wang T, Williams E. Gore-Tex chin implants: a review of 324 cases. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2003; 5 (3) 224-227
- 11 Godin MS, Waldman SR, Johnson Jr CM. Nasal augmentation using Gore-Tex. A 10-year experience. Arch Facial Plast Surg 1999; 1 (2) 118-121 , discussion 122
- 12 Conrad K, Torgerson CS, Gillman GS. Applications of Gore-Tex implants in rhinoplasty reexamined after 17 years. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2008; 10 (4) 224-231
- 13 Bain CJ, Odili J. Late infection of an alloplastic chin implant masquerading as squamous cell carcinoma. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012; 65 (6) e151-e152
- 14 Hopping SB, Joshi AS, Tanna N, Janjanin S. Volumetric facelift: evaluation of rhytidectomy with alloplastic augmentation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2010; 119 (3) 174-180
- 15 Yaremchuk MJ. Secondary malar implant surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 121 (2) 620-628
- 16 Marchac D, Greensmith A. Long-term experience with methylmethacrylate cranioplasty in craniofacial surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008; 61 (7) 744-752 , discussion 753
- 17 Lee DW, Kim JY, Lew DH. Use of rapidly hardening hydroxyapatite cement for facial contouring surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21 (4) 1084-1088
- 18 Attenello NH, Maas CS. Injectable fillers: review of material and properties. Facial Plast Surg 2015; 31 (1) 29-34
- 19 Desai SC, Moradzadeh A, Branham G. Anatomical evidence of microbial biofilms in an alloplastic nasal implant. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37 (2) 468-471
- 20 Cassuto D, Sundaram H. A problem-oriented approach to nodular complications from hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers: classification and recommendations for treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132 (4) (Suppl. 02) 48S-58S
- 21 Rohrich RJ, Monheit G, Nguyen AT, Brown SA, Fagien S. Soft-tissue filler complications: the important role of biofilms. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125 (4) 1250-1256
- 22 Leewenhoeck A. An Abstract of a Letter from Mr. Anthony Leewenhoeck at Delft, Dated Sep. 17, 1683. Containing some microscopical observations, about animals in the scurf of the teeth, the substance call'd worms in the nose, the cuticula consisting of scales. Philosophical Transactions 1684; 14 (155–166) 568-574
- 23 Costerton JW, Geesey GG, Cheng KJ. How bacteria stick. Sci Am 1978; 238 (1) 86-95
- 24 Ceri H, Olson ME, Stremick C, Read RR, Morck D, Buret A. The Calgary biofilm device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37 (6) 1771-1776
- 25 Keefe MS, Keefe MA. An evaluation of the effectiveness of different techniques for intraoperative infiltration of antibiotics into alloplastic implants for use in facial reconstruction. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2009; 11 (4) 246-251
- 26 Malaisrie SC, Malekzadeh S, Biedlingmaier JF. In vivo analysis of bacterial biofilm formation on facial plastic bioimplants. Laryngoscope 1998; 108 (11 Pt 1) 1733-1738
- 27 Diefenbeck M, Mückley T, Hofmann GO. Prophylaxis and treatment of implant-related infections by local application of antibiotics. Injury 2006; 37 (Suppl. 02) S95-S104
- 28 Lapid O. Use of gentamicin collagen sponges for the treatment of periprosthetic breast implant infection. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011; 64 (12) e313-e316
- 29 Cenzi R, Farina A, Zuccarino L, Carinci F. Clinical outcome of 285 Medpor grafts used for craniofacial reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2005; 16 (4) 526-530
- 30 Fialkov JA, Holy C, Forrest CR, Phillips JH, Antonyshyn OM. Postoperative infections in craniofacial reconstructive procedures. J Craniofac Surg 2001; 12 (4) 362-368
- 31 Menderes A, Baytekin C, Topcu A, Yilmaz M, Barutcu A. Craniofacial reconstruction with high-density porous polyethylene implants. J Craniofac Surg 2004; 15 (5) 719-724
- 32 Rhie JW, Jeong YJ, Kim SW. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection related to nasal implant. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24 (4) 1257-1259
- 33 Lu L, Shi W, Luo M, Sun Y, Fan X. Repair of exposed hydroxyapatite orbital implants by subconjunctival tissue flaps. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22 (4) 1452-1456
- 34 Rubin JP, Yaremchuk MJ. Complications and toxicities of implantable biomaterials used in facial reconstructive and aesthetic surgery: a comprehensive review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 100 (5) 1336-1353
- 35 Smith A, Buchinsky FJ, Post JC. Eradicating chronic ear, nose, and throat infections: a systematically conducted literature review of advances in biofilm treatment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 144 (3) 338-347
- 36 Bartley J, Young D. Ultrasound as a treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73 (1) 15-17
- 37 Hasson O, Levi G, Conley R. Late infections associated with alloplastic facial implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65 (2) 321-323
- 38 Kosutic D, Uglesic V, Perkovic D , et al. Preoperative antiseptics in clean/contaminated maxillofacial and oral surgery: prospective randomized study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38 (2) 160-165