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Semin Reprod Med 2016; 34(03): 145-151
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572546
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Current Status of Oral Contraceptives: Progress and Recent Innovations

Alexandra Golobof
1   Section of Family Planning and Contraception, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
,
Jessica Kiley
1   Section of Family Planning and Contraception, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
09 March 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Millions of women in the United States and abroad use oral contraceptive pills. These popular contraceptives are the most common reversible birth control method in the United States, and a wide variety of pills are available for prescription. Oral contraceptives provide safe and effective protection against pregnancy and offer several noncontraceptive benefits. Over the years, advances in the laboratory and knowledge gained through epidemiologic data promoted the development of new contraceptive preparations. Generations of oral contraceptives emerged over time, containing lower doses of estrogens and new and novel progestins. The current review discusses the clinical characteristics of oral contraceptives, with emphasis on basic pharmacology and the evolution of various contraceptive formulations and regimens.

Keywords

oral contraception - estrogen - progestin - extended-cycle oral contraceptive - noncontraceptive benefits - oral contraceptive regimen
 

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