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DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559578
Post-Test Questions
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
18. August 2015 (online)
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Article One (239–248)
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Which of the following imaging modalities CANNOT provide an accurate assessment of aneurysm sac size enlargement on routine surveillance?
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Contrast enhanced CT angiography
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Time resolved MR angiography
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X-ray
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Contrast enhanced ultrasonography
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Unenhanced CT angiography
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Which of the following modifi cations will NOT reduce radiation exposure during CT assessment for endoleak?
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Employing iterative reconstruction algorithm
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Reduction in beam kVp
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Creating “virtual unenhanced” images using dual energy CT
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Shortening interval time between surveillance imaging
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Reduction in tube current
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Which of the following type of endoleak is associated with heavy atherosclerotic burden at attachment sites of EVAR grafts?
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Type I
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Type II
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Type III
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Type IV
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Type V
Article Two (249–258)
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What factors may infl uence the treatment strategy of ruptured aortic aneurysms?
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Patient comorbidities.
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Aortic aneurysm anatomy.
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Physician and institutional experience.
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All of the above.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated a clear survival benefit of EVAR over open surgical repair in the treatment of ruptured AAA.
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Published data demonstrates that obtaining a CTA prior to endovascular repair signifi cantly delays treatment.
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Data are still needed to evaluate long-term outcomes of endovascular repair of ruptured AAA and TAA.
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Rates of endovascular repair for ruptured AAA and TAA have remained relatively steady over the past decade.
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Which of the following is not an important component for a successful endovascular program in treating ruptured aortic aneurysms?
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A rigid formulaic approach that does not permit adaptation to new information.
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The ability to rapidly evaluate the vascular anatomy including aortic diameter, proximal and distal landing zones, angulation, calcification and vasculature required for device delivery.
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Cooperation among interventional radiology, vascular surgery and cardiothoracic teams.
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A flexible approach with back-up plan that incorporates and adapts to information obtained before and during the procedure.
Article Three (259–264)
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Which of the following is the most commonly accepted indication for intervention of type II endoleaks?
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All type II endoleaks necessitate urgent intervention
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Aneurysm sac growth
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High flow velocities within the aneurysm sac
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Greater than 3 infl ow or outfl ow vessels
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Poorly defi ned infl ow vessels on CTA
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What is the preferred initial endovascular method for addressing type I endoleaks?
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Balloon angioplasty
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Bare metal stent placement
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Extension cuff placement
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Endoanchor placement
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n-BCA or Onyx embolization
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Which of the following is the preferred approach for treatment of a persistent type II endoleak supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery status-post prior transarterial embolization?
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Repeat transarterial embolization
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Translumbar embolization
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Transcaval embolization
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Transabdominal embolization
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Laparoscopic ligation of the IMA
Article Four (265–271)
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Which of these is critical to evaluate during preoperative planning for TEVAR?
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Proximal landing zone
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Aortic tortuosity
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Size of the access vessels
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Location of branch vessels
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All of the above
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Which of these is not a contraindication to coverage of the left subclavian artery without revascularization?
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Patent LIMA coronary graft from prior CABG
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Occluded right vertebral artery with dominant left vertebral artery
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Left arm AV fi stula being used for dialysis.
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Right subclavian artery stenosis
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Of the following, which would not be an appropriate option for management of a type I endoleak?
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Continue surveillance as these will usually thrombose with time
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Extend the graft proximally, covering the left subclavian artery if needed
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Perform a hybrid repair with aortic arch debranching, carotid-subclavian bypass, and proximal extension of TEVAR
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Balloon the proximal endograft to attempt to achieve better seal
Article Five (272–277)
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What is the most frequent complication following EVAR?
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Aneurysm rupture
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Renal failure
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Type 1 endoleak
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Caudal margin of femoral head
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Type 2 endoleak
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Which anatomic factor is associated with the highest risk of developing a type 2 endoleak following EVAR?
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Patent lumbar arteries.
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Larger aneurysm sac size
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Patent inferior mesenteric artery
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Mural thrombus greater than 50%
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What is the most appropriate initial management of type 1 endoleak?
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Repeat endovascular stenting
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Open repair
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Observation and close imaging surveillance
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Improve blood pressure management
Article Six (278–288)
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What does PEVAR stand for?
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Primary EndoVascular abdominal aortic Aneurysm Repair
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Parallel technique for EndoVascular aortic Aneurysm Repair
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Percutaneous EndoVascular abdominal aortic Aneurysm Repair
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Percutaneous EndologixdeVice Aneurysm Repair
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The “preclose” technique requires how many PercloseProGlide devices per groin accessed?
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One
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Two
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Three
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Four
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The PercloseProGlide device is FDA-approved for use in all PEVAR cases, regardless of device manufacturer.
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True
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False
Article Seven (289–303)
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What aortic aneurysm characteristic would be considered hostile?
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Aortic aneurysm neck length >10 mm
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Aortic aneurysm neck diameter <30 mm
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Neck angle >60 degrees
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HCircumferential calcifi cation >50%
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What is the fi rst endovascular staple device to obtain FDA-approval for clinical use?
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InTact Vascular's Tack-it endovascular stapler.
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HeliFx's Aortic EndoAnchor
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Gore's Excluding endostapler
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Medtronic Tag-it endostapler
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In which direction and orientation (relative to the aortic stent graft) do standard snorkel endografts travel?
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Caudal, inside the aortic stent graft
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Caudal, outside the aortic stent graft
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Cranial, inside the aortic stent graft
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Cranial, outside the aortic stent graft
Article Eight (304–310)
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Of the listed devices, which is currently approved for use in the United States by the FDA?
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EndologixVentana device
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Cook Zenith p-branch device
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Cook Zenith fenestrated stent graft
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Anaconda fenestrated stent graft
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Internal iliac artery hypoperfusion can result in which of the following?
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Buttock claudication
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Colonic ischemia
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Impotence
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All of the above
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What aneurysmal characteristics are problematic for traditional endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)?
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Neck angulation
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Coverage of the internal iliac artery
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Inclusion of mesenteric vessels
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All of the above
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