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Planta Med 2016; 82(03): 250-262
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558113
Natural Product Chemistry & Analytical Studies
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Comparison of Flow Injection MS, NMR, and DNA Sequencing: Methods for Identification and Authentication of Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)

James Harnly
1   Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
,
Pei Chen
1   Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
,
Jianghao Sun
1   Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
,
Huilian Huang
1   Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
,
Kimberly L. Colson
2   Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA, USA
,
Jimmy Yuk
2   Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA, USA
,
Joe-Ann H. McCoy
3   The North Carolina Arboretum Germplasm Repository, Asheville, NC, USA
,
Danica T. Harbaugh Reynaud
4   AuthenTechnologies LLC, Richmond, CA, USA
,
Peter B. Harrington
5   Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
,
Edward J. Fletcher
6   Strategic Sourcing, Inc., Banner Elk, NC, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 29 January 2015
revised 02 September 2015

accepted 03 September 2015

Publication Date:
21 December 2015 (online)

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Abstract

Flow injection mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, two metabolic fingerprinting methods, and DNA sequencing were used to identify and authenticate Actaea species. Initially, samples of Actaea racemosa from a single source were distinguished from other Actaea species based on principal component analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogies of flow injection mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry metabolic fingerprints. The chemometric results for flow injection mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry agreed well and showed similar agreement throughout the study. DNA sequencing using DNA sequence data from two independent gene regions confirmed the metabolic fingerprinting results. Differences were observed between A. racemosa samples from four different sources, although the variance within species was still significantly less than the variance between species. A model based on the combined A. racemosa samples from the four sources consistently permitted distinction between species. Additionally, the combined A. racemosa samples were distinguishable from commercial root samples and from commercial supplements in tablet, capsule, or liquid form. DNA sequencing verified the lack of authenticity of the commercial roots but was unsuccessful in characterizing many of the supplements due to the lack of available DNA.

Key words

Actaea racemose - Ranunculaceae - NMR - FIMS - DNA sequencing
 

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