Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545982
Sonoran Propolis and Some of its Chemical Constituents Inhibit in vitro Growth of Giardia lamblia Trophozoites
Publication History
received 13 December 2014
revised 28 March 2015
accepted 01 April 2015
Publication Date:
22 May 2015 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/plantamedica/201509/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0035-1545982_pmz0032-1.jpg)
Abstract
Propolis is a cereus resin with a complex chemical composition that possesses a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-Giardia lamblia activity of Sonoran propolis collected from three different areas of Sonoran Desert in northwestern Mexico (Caborca, Pueblo de Alamos, and Ures) and some of its chemical constituents. Additionally, we also analyzed the seasonal effect on the anti-G. lamblia activity of propolis. G. lamblia trophozoite cultures were treated with different concentrations of Sonoran propolis or chemical compounds during 48 h cell proliferation and cell viability were determined. Ures propolis showed the highest inhibitory activity against G. lamblia (IC50 63.8 ± 7.1 µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (Ures > Pueblo de Alamos > Caborca). Season had a significant effect on the in vitro anti-G. lamblia activity of Ures propolis. Summer propolis showed the highest inhibitory effect on the G. lamblia trophozoite growth (IC50 23.8 ± 2.3 µg/mL), followed by propolis collected during winter (IC50 59.2 ± 34.7 µg/mL), spring (IC50 102.5 ± 15.3 µg/mL), and autumn (IC50 125.0 ± 3.1 µg/mL). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an Ures propolis exclusive constituent, had the highest growth-inhibitory activity towards G. lamblia [IC50 63.1 ± 0.9 µg/mL (222.1 ± 3.2 µM)]. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that caffeic acid phenethyl ester possesses antiparasitic activity against G. lamblia. Naringenin [IC50 125.7 ± 20.7 µg/mL (461.8 ± 76.3 µM)], hesperetin [IC50 149.6 ± 24.8 µg/mL (494.9 ± 82.2 µM)], and pinocembrin [IC50 174.4 ± 26.0 µg/mL (680.6 ± 101.7 µM)] showed weak anti-G. lamblia activity. On the other hand, chrysin and rutin did not show significant antiparasitic activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that Sonoran propolis and some of its chemical constituents had inhibitory effects on the in vitro growth of G. lamblia trophozoites.
-
References
- 1 Adam RD. Biology of Giardia lamblia . Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 447-475
- 2 Thompson RCA, Monis PT. Variation in Giardia: implications for taxonomy and epidemiology. Adv Parasitol 2004; 58: 69-137
- 3 Watkins R, Eckmann L. Treatment of giardiasis: current status and future directions. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2014; 16: 396
- 4 Lemée V, Zaharia I, Nevez G, Rabodonirina M, Brasseur P, Ballet JJ, Favennec L. Metronidazole and albendazole susceptibility of 11 clinical isolates of Giardia duodenalis from France. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46: 819-821
- 5 Busatti HG, Santos JF, Gomes MA. The old and new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of giardiasis: where are we?. Biologics 2009; 3: 273-287
- 6 Karabay O, Tamer A, Gunduz H, Kayas D, Arnic H, Celebi H. Albendazole versus metronidazole treatment of adult giardiasis: An open randomized clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 1215-1217
- 7 da Silva Cunha I, Salomão K, Shimizu M, Bankova V, Ramalho CA, Lisboa de Castro S, Marcucci M. Antitrypanosomal activity of brazilian propolis from Apis mellifera . Chem Pharm Bull 2004; 52: 602-604
- 8 Parolia A, Thomas MS, Kundabala M, Mohan M. Propolis and its potential uses in oral health. Int J Med Sci 2010; 2: 210-215
- 9 Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (Propolis). Food Chem Toxicol 1998; 36: 347-363
- 10 Robles-Zepeda R, Hernández J, Garibay A, Valencia D, Velázquez C. Botanical origin and biological activity of propolis. In: Rai MK, Cordell GA, Martinez JL, Marinoff M, Restrelli L, editors Medicinal plants: biodiversity and drugs. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2012: 571-598
- 11 Velazquez C, Navarro M, Acosta A, Angulo A, Dominguez Z, Robles R, Robles-Zepeda R, Lugo E, Goycoolea FM, Velazquez EF, Astiazaran H, Hernandez J. Antibacterial and free-radical scavenging activities of Sonoran propolis. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103: 1747-1756
- 12 Hernandez J, Goycoolea FM, Quintero J, Acosta A, Castañeda M, Dominguez Z, Robles R, Vázquez-Moreno L, Velázquez EF, Astiazarán H, Lugo E, Velázquez C. Sonoran propolis: chemical composition and antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines. Planta Med 2007; 73: 1469-1474
- 13 Salomão K, Souza EM, Henriquez-Pons A, Barbosa HS, de Castro SL. Brazilian Green Propolis: Effects In Vitro and In Vivo on Trypanosoma cruzi . Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 10: 13
- 14 Freitas SF, Shinohara L, Sforcin JM, Guimarães S. In vitro effects of propolis on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites. Phytomedicine 2006; 13: 170-175
- 15 Santos FA, Bastos EMA, Uzeda M, Carbalho MAR, Farias LM, Moreira ESA, Braga FC. Antibacterial activity of brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 80: 1-7
- 16 Navarro-Navarro M, Ruiz-Bustos P, Valencia D, Robles-Zepeda R, Ruiz-Bustos E, Virués C, Hernandez J, Domínguez Z, Velazquez C. Antibacterial activity of Sonoran propolis and some of its constituents against clinically significant Vibrio species. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10: 150-158
- 17 Valencia D, Alday E, Robles-Zepeda R, Garibay-Escobar A, Galvez-Ruiz JC, Salas-Reyes M, Jiménez-Estrada M, Velazquez-Contreras E, Hernandez J, Velazquez C. Seasonal effect on chemical composition and biological activities of Sonoran propolis. Food Chem 2012; 131: 645-651
- 18 Sforcin JM, Fernandes jr. A, Lopes CAM, Bankova V, Funari SRC. Seasonal effect on brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 73: 243-249
- 19 Teixeira EW, Message D, Negri G, Salatino A, Stringheta PC. Seasonal variation, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Brazilian propolis samples. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2010; 7: 307-315
- 20 Monzote FL, Sariego RI, García PM, Cuesta-Rubio O, Márquez HI, Campo FM, Piccinelli AL, Rastrelli L. Activity of Cuban propolis extracts on Leishmania amazonensis and Trichomonas vaginalis . Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6: 973-976
- 21 Ferreira FM, Castro RA, Batista MA, Rossi FM, Silveira-Lemos D, Frézard F, Moura SA, Rezende SA. Association of water extract of green propolis and liposomal meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2014; 113: 533-543
- 22 Santana LC, Carneiro SM, Caland-Neto LB, Arcanjo DD, Moita-Neto JM, Citó AM, Carvalho FA. Brazilian brown propolis elicits antileishmanial effect against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis . Nat Prod Res 2014; 28: 340-343
- 23 Amarante MK, Watanabe MA, Conchon-Costa I, Fiori LL, Oda JM, Búfalo MC, Sforcin JM. The effect of propolis on CCL5 and IFN-γ expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leishmaniasis patients. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64: 154-160
- 24 Abdel-Fattah NS, Nada OH. Effect of propolis versus metronidazole and their combined use in treatment of acute experimental giardiasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2007; 37: 691-710
- 25 Bankova V. Recent trends and important developments in propolis research. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005; 2: 29-32
- 26 Falcão SI, Vilas-Boas M, Estevinho LM, Barros C, Domingues MR, Cardoso SM. Phenolic characterization of Northeast Portuguese propolis: usual and unusual compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396: 887-897
- 27 Ghedira K, Goetz P, Le Jeune R. Propolis. Phytothérapie 2009; 7: 100-105
- 28 Lotti C, Campo Fernandez M, Piccinelli AL, Cuesta-Rubio O, Marquez Hernandez I, Rastrelli L. Chemical constituents of red mexican propolis. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58: 2209-2213
- 29 Salatino A, Teixeira EW, Negri G, Message D. Origin and chemical variation of Brazilian propolis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005; 2: 33-38
- 30 Weinstein E. Seasonal variation, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Brazilian propolis samples. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2008; 10: 1093-1102
- 31 Bankova V, Boudourova-Krasteva G, Sforcin JM, Frete X, Kujumgiev A, Maimoni-Rodella R, Popov S. Phytochemical evidence for the plant origin of Brazilian propolis from São Paulo state. Z Naturforsch C 1999; 54: 401-405
- 32 Diaz NG, Carpinella MC, Palacios SM. Antifeedant activity of ethanolic extract from Flourensia oolepis and isolation of pinocembrin as its active principle compound. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100: 3669-3673
- 33 Rasul A, Millimouno FM, Eltayb WA, Muhammad A, Li J, Li X. Pinocembrin: a novel natural compound with versatile pharmacological and biological activities. Biomed Res Int 2013; 10: 5
- 34 Keister DB. Axenic culture of Giardia lamblia in TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with bile. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1983; 77: 487-488
- 35 Grunberger D, Banerjee R, Eisinger K, Oltz EM, Efros L, Caldwell M. Preferential cytotoxicity on tumor cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester isolated from propolis. Experientia 1988; 44: 230-232