Download PDF
Semin Neurol 2015; 35(01): 050-056
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544244
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Neurosurgical Management in Traumatic Brain Injury

Michelle Feinberg
1   Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University,Washington, D.C.
,
Jeffrey C. Mai
1   Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University,Washington, D.C.
2   Department of Neurosciences, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
,
James Ecklund
1   Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University,Washington, D.C.
2   Department of Neurosciences, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
25 February 2015 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most complex and diverse pathologic medical conditions. Each year, approximately 100,000 patients require neurosurgical evacuation of an intracranial hematoma in the United States. It is essential, early in the clinical course, to distinguish those patients with severe TBI who require operative intervention from those who can be managed with only conservative measures. The surgical technique employed is determined primarily by the specific underlying pathology in conjunction with the patient's other comorbidities.

Keywords

traumatic brain injury - subdural hematoma - epidural hematoma - craniotomy
 

  • References

  • 1 Lu J, Marmarou A, Choi S, Maas A, Murray G, Steyerberg EW ; Impact and Abic Study Group. Mortality from traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2005; 95: 281-285
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Brain Trauma Foundation. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24 (Suppl. 01) S1-S106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM. The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2006; 21: 375-378
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bullock MR, Chestnut R, Ghajar J , et al. Guidelines for the surgical management of traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 2006; 58: S1-S60
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Grandhi R, Okonkwo D. Perioperative management of severe TBI in adults. In: Quiñones-Hinojosa A, , ed. Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012: 1495-1512
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Beaumont A, Hayasaki K, Marmarou A, Barzo P, Fatouros P, Corwin F. Contrasting effects of dopamine therapy in experimental brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2001; 18 (12) 1359-1372
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Forsyth RJ, Wolny S, Rodrigues B. Routine intracranial pressure monitoring in acute coma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (2) CD002043
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Pascual JM, Prieto R. Surgical management of severe closed head injury in adults. In: Quiñones-Hinojosa A, , ed. Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012: 1513-1538
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Sakabe T, Bendo A. Anesthetic management of head trauma. In: Newfield P, Cottrell J, , eds. Handbook of Neuroanesthesia. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007: 91-110
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Bierbrauer K. Surgical management of cranial trauma. In: Sekhar L, Fessler R, , eds. Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2011: 906-915
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Zacko JC, Harris L, Bullock MR. Surgical management of TBI. In: Winn HR, , ed. Youmans Neurological Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011: 3424-3452
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Sahuquillo J, Arikan F. Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of refractory high intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 25 (1) CD003983
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Münch E, Horn P, Schürer L, Piepgras A, Paul T, Schmiedek P. Management of severe traumatic brain injury by decompressive craniectomy. Neurosurgery 2000; 47 (2) 315-322 , discussion 322–323
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Ruf B, Heckmann M, Schroth I , et al. Early decompressive craniectomy and duraplasty for refractory intracranial hypertension in children: results of a pilot study. Crit Care 2003; 7 (6) R133-R138
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Shoakazemi A, Flannery T, McConnell RS. Long-term outcome of subcutaneously preserved autologous cranioplasty. Neurosurgery 2009; 65 (3) 505-510 , discussion 510
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Jiang JY, Xu W, Li WP , et al. Efficacy of standard trauma craniectomy for refractory intracranial hypertension with severe traumatic brain injury: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Neurotrauma 2005; 22: 623-628
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Wagner S, Schnippering H, Aschoff A, Koziol JA, Schwab S, Steiner T. Suboptimum hemicraniectomy as a cause of additional cerebral lesions in patients with malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery. J Neurosurg 2001; 94 (5) 693-696
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Li G, Wen L, Yang XF, Zheng XJ, Zhan RY, Liu WG. Efficacy of large decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury. Chin J Traumatol 2008; 11: 253-256
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L , et al. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2011; 21: 1493-1502
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Chung RS, Staal JA, McCormack GH , et al. Mild axonal stretch injury in vitro induces a progressive series of neurofilament alterations ultimately leading to delayed axotomy. J Neurotrauma 2005; 22 (10) 1081-1091
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Tang-Schomer MD, Patel AR, Baas PW, Smith DH. Mechanical breaking of microtubules in axons during dynamic stretch injury underlies delayed elasticity, microtubule disassembly, and axon degeneration. FASEB J 2010; 24 (5) 1401-1410
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Hutchinson PJ, Corteen E, Czosnyka M , et al. Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: the randomized multicenter RESCUEicp study (www.RESCUEicp.com). Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2006; 96: 17-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Wilberger Jr JE, Harris M, Diamond DL. Acute subdural hematoma: morbidity and mortality related to timing of operative intervention. J Trauma 1990; 30 (6) 733-736
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Kotwica Z, Brzeziński J. Acute subdural haematoma in adults: an analysis of outcome in comatose patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1993; 121 (3-4) 95-99
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Cagetti B, Cossu M, Pau A, Rivano C, Viale G. The outcome from acute subdural and epidural intracranial haematomas in very elderly patients. Br J Neurosurg 1992; 6 (3) 227-231
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Jamjoom A. Justification for evacuating acute subdural haematomas in patients above the age of 75 years. Injury 1992; 23 (8) 518-520
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Kotwica Z, Jakubowski JK. Acute head injuries in the elderly. An analysis of 136 consecutive patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1992; 118 (3-4) 98-102
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Haselsberger K, Pucher R, Auer LM. Prognosis after acute subdural or epidural haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988; 90 (3-4) 111-116
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Seelig JM, Becker DP, Miller JD, Greenberg RP, Ward JD, Choi SC. Traumatic acute subdural hematoma: major mortality reduction in comatose patients treated within four hours. N Engl J Med 1981; 304 (25) 1511-1518
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Ropper VM. Craniocerebral trauma. In: Ropper VM, , ed. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001: 925-930
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Ducruet AF, Grobelny BT, Zacharia BE , et al. The surgical management of chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Rev 2012; 35 (2) 155-169 , discussion 169
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Lee KS, Bae WK, Park YT, Yun IG. The pathogenesis and fate of traumatic subdural hygroma. Br J Neurosurg 1994; 8 (5) 551-558
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Karasawa H, Furuya H, Naito H, Sugiyama K, Ueno J, Kin H. Acute hydrocephalus in posterior fossa injury. J Neurosurg 1997; 86 (4) 629-632
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar