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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2015; 83(1): 18-29
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398758
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effekte kombinierten kognitiven und physischen Trainings auf die Kognition gesunder älterer Menschen: ein Literaturüberblick

Effects of Combined Cognitive and Physical Training on Cognition of Healthy Older Adults: A Literature Review
J. Rahe
1   Institut für Gerontologie, Psychologische Gerontologie & Center für neuropsychologische Diagnostik und Intervention (CeNDI), Universität Vechta
,
E. Kalbe
1   Institut für Gerontologie, Psychologische Gerontologie & Center für neuropsychologische Diagnostik und Intervention (CeNDI), Universität Vechta
2   Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Uniklinik Köln
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

14 August 2014

08 December 2014

Publication Date:
20 January 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Positive Effekte kognitiver und physischer Trainings auf die Kognition gesunder älterer Menschen sind gut belegt. Zunehmend wird diskutiert, ob durch deren Kombination stärkere Effekte erreicht werden können. In dieser Arbeit wird der Forschungsstand dazu aufgearbeitet. Vier randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) und vier kontrollierte Studien wurden gefunden. In drei Studien, jedoch keiner RCT, wurde tatsächlich eine Überlegenheit von kombiniertem Training im Vergleich zu Einzelinterventionen in Bezug auf die Kognition gefunden. Wenngleich also positive Hinweise vorliegen, ist der Forschungsstand aufgrund der insgesamt geringen Studienzahl, des Mangels an Evidenz aus RCTs und der mangelnden Vergleichbarkeit der Studien hinsichtlich der Studiendesigns, der Art der Intervention und der Messzeitpunkte als unzureichend zu bewerten. Forschungslücken werden aufgezeigt, wesentliche Aspekte für zukünftige Studien genannt und mögliche neurobiologische Mechanismen von Trainingseffekten diskutiert.

Abstract

There is significant evidence for the positive effects of cognitive and physical training on cognition in healthy older adults. Recently, it has been discussed whether stronger effects could be reached with a combination of both interventions. This review analyses the current state of research about this topic. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and four controlled trials were found. Three of these studies (none of which were RCTs) in fact showed the superiority of combined training when compared to single interventions. However, even if positive evidence exists, the current state of research has to be evaluated as insufficient due to the small number of studies, the lack of evidence from RCTs and the lack of comparability of study designs, types of interventions, and test intervals used so far. Gaps in the current state of research are identified, relevant aspects of future studies are listed and possible neurobiological mechanisms of training effects are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

kombinierte Intervention - kognitives Training - physisches Training - gesunde ältere Menschen

Key words

combined intervention - cognitive training - physical training - healthy older adults
 

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