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Suchttherapie 2015; 16(03): 110-117
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396795
Schwerpunktthema
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Frauen und Alkoholabhängigkeit: Aktueller Forschungsstand zur Effektivität psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen als Grundlagen für Behandlungsempfehlungen

Women and Alcohol Dependence: Current Knowledge on Efficient Psychotherapeutic Treatment as Basis for Guidelines
I. Vogt
1   Institut für Suchtforschung, Frankfurt
,
E. Hoch
2   Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
,
R. Thomasius
3   Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), UKE Hamburg
,
K. Winkler
1   Institut für Suchtforschung, Frankfurt
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
20. August 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die neuen deutschen S3-Leitlinien „Screening, Diagnose und Behandlung alkoholbezogener Störungen“ (AWMF 076001) enthalten eine Reihe von Hinweisen auf geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen hinsichtlich des Screenings, der Diagnostik und vor allem der Behandlung alkoholbezogener Störungen. In einem Unterkapitel werden die Ergebnisse einer breit angelegten Literatursuche nach (randomisierten) kontrollierten Studien zusammengefasst mit Frauen als Studiensubjekte. Zur Behandlung von schwangeren Frauen mit leichten bis mittleren alkoholbezogenen Störungen empfehlen sich Kurzinterventionen. Für Schwangere mit schweren alkoholbezogenen Störungen sollte eine stationäre Behandlung angestrebt werden bzw. eine Begleitung durch die Schwangerschaft und die Zeit nach der Geburt durch Hausbesuche durch eine Fachkraft. Kurzeitinterventionen haben sich auch bei nicht-schwangeren Frauen mit leichten bis mittleren alkoholbezogenen Störungen bewährt. Frauen, bei denen eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen sowie eine Substanzkonsum-Störung diagnostiziert worden ist, sollten eine integrierte Behandlung erhalten (wie z. B. im Programm „Sicherheit finden“). In gewissem Umfang bewährt haben sich kognitive Paartherapien sowie ambulante oder stationäre Settings mit Frauengruppen. Das gilt insbesondere für Frauen, die eine Paarbehandlung oder eine Behandlung in einer Frauengruppe wünschen. Mehr und bessere Forschungen sind dringend notwendig, um die Angebote für Frauen mit Substanzkonsum-Störungen zu verbessern.

Abstract

The new German S3-guidelines “Screening, diagnostics and treatment of alcohol-related disorders” (AWMF 076001) contain quite a number of references on gender-specific differences regarding screening, diagnostics and, especially, treatment of alcohol-related disorders. In a subchapter the results of an extensive literature search for (randomised) controlled studies which address explicitly women as study subjects are summarised. Brief interventions are recommended for the treatment of pregnant women with mild and medium severe alcohol-related disorders. Pregnant women with severe alcohol-related disorders should be referred to inpatient treatment or they should be supported with home visits by professionals during pregnancy and after delivery. Brief interventions are also effective with women who are not pregnant with mild and medium severe alcohol-related disorders. Women who are diagnosed as having a post-traumatic stress disorder and a substance abuse disorder should be offered an integrated treatment programme (e. g., the programme “seeking safety”). There is some evidence that behavioral couples therapy is effective as well as a treatment for women in outpatient or inpatient women-only settings. Behavioral couples therapy as well as treatment in women-only settings is most effective if women choose these types of treatment. More and better research studies are strongly needed to improve the treatment of women with substance use disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Frauen - Schwangere - alkoholbezogene Störungen - Behandlungen

Key words

women - pregnant women - alcohol-related disorders - treatments

 

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