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DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392521
Wann kann die orale Antikoagulation abgesetzt werden?
Publication History
Publication Date:
24 July 2015 (online)
Abstract
Prevention of stroke is one of the most important therapy goals in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Oral anticoagulation agents however, may result in bleeding complications. It would be desirable to stop oral anticoagulation (OAC) after successful ablation of atrial fibrillation e. g. after catheter ablation. The data basis for the decision to discontinue OAC is very weak. In patients with prior cerebral infarction, OAC should be continued indefinitely. In patients with a relatively low CHA2DS2VASc score (≤ 2) a discontinuation of OAC may be considered after 1 year after successful catheter ablation and thorough follow-up. Ideally, patients have a continuous monitoring device e.g. reveal or pacemaker implanted to assure complete freedom from recurrent arrhythmias. In patients after electrical cardioversion, OAC should be performed for four weeks even if the CHA2DS2VASc score is zero. In summary, discontinuation of OAC should be very carefully considered. Patients prio to ablation should be advised that ablation therapy does not aim for OAC discontinuation but for control of symptoms.
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Vorhofflimmern ist eine der häufigsten Rhythmusstörungen. Hauptrisiko des Vorhofflimmerns ist ein Schlaganfall, der jedoch auch erst einige Monate nach der letzten Vorhofflimmerepisode auftreten kann.
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Außer dem Vorhofflimmern sind die Risikomarker des CHA2DS2-VASc-Score bei der Indikationsstellung zur oralen Antikoagulation zu berücksichtigen.
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Ist das Vorhofflimmern bei Patienten erstmalig nach einer Operation oder im Rahmen einer Hyperthyreose aufgetreten, sollte die OAK nach Beseitigung des kausalen Faktors wieder abgesetzt werden.
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Ob die OAK bei Patienten nach Kardioversion wieder abgesetzt werden kann, hängt einmal vom CHA2DS2-VASc-Score ab und zum anderen von der Dauer der Vorhofflimmerepisode.
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Bei Patienten, deren Vorhofflimmern medikamentös behandelt werden kann, kann die OAK in Einzelfällen abgesetzt werden. Die OAK-Indikation sollte hier aber großzügig gestellt werden.
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Bei abladierten Patienten können weiterhin, meist kürzere Vorhofflimmerepisoden auftreten, die es zu erfassen gilt, weil auch sie mit dem Risiko eines Schlaganfalls einhergehen. Unabhängig von einem solchen Rezidiv gibt es Patienten, die ihre OAK dennoch fortsetzen sollten (hoher CHA2DS2-VASc-Score oder über 75 Jahre alt oder Schlaganfallpatient), und solche, bei denen die OAK nach 3 Monaten abgesetzt werden kann (CHA2DS2-VASc-Score ≤ 1).
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Für Patienten mit Blutungskomplikationen unter OAK ist die Frage nach dem Absetzen einer OAK in der Regel eine Einzelfallentscheidung.
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