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Suchttherapie 2014; 15(04): 179-186
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390490
Schwerpunktthema
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Reduziertes Rauchen: Was können Interventionen erreichen und wie sollten sie gestaltet sein?

Smoking Reduction: What can Interventions Achieve and how should they be Designed?
T. Rüther
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Tabakambulanz am Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum der Universität München
,
K. Eberhardt
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Tabakambulanz am Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum der Universität München
,
A. Kiss
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Tabakambulanz am Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum der Universität München
,
O. Pogarell
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Tabakambulanz am Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum der Universität München
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
14 November 2014 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Dieses Review befasst sich mit neueren Ergebnissen zur Reduktion des Rauchkonsums von Rauchern, die aktuell nicht an einem Rauchstopp interessiert sind. Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Eine Minderung des gesundheitlichen Risikos allein durch Reduktion des Konsums von Zigaretten kann auf Basis der aktuellen Studienlage nicht zweifelsfrei belegt werden. Es zeigt sich jedoch eine Erhöhung der Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen späteren Rauchstopp von Rauchern, die ihren Zigarettenkonsum reduzieren. Der Großteil der aktuell publizierten Studien belegt eine Eignung der Nikotinersatztherapie (NET) zur Unterstützung einer Reduktion. Die NET hat vor allem in Verbindung mit verhaltensbezogenen Interventionen sowohl einen positiven Effekt auf die Reduktion der Anzahl täglich gerauchter Zigaretten als auch auf eine längerfristige Abstinenz. In Bezug auf schizophrene Patienten finden sich erste positive Effekte von verhaltensbezogenen Interventionen ohne NET. Insgesamt ist die Anzahl der aktuellen Studien für reduziertes Rauchen angesichts der hohen gesundheitlichen Folgen der Tabakabhängigkeit zu gering und inkonsistent. Weitere klinische Studien zu diesem Thema sind dringend erforderlich.

Abstract

This review considers more recent findings on reduction of cigarette consumption among smokers who are not currently interested in smoking cessation. We performed a systematic literature search. The currently available studies do not provide clear evidence that just reducing cigarette consumption decreases the health risk. However, smoking reduction does appear to increase the probability that smokers will later quit smoking. The majority of the currently published studies provide evidence that nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is suitable for supporting reduction. NRT, particularly in combination with behaviour-related interventions, has a positive effect both on reducing the number of cigarettes smoked daily and on longer-term abstinence. Initial positive effects of behaviour-related interventions without NRT were found in schizophrenia patients. Overall, in view of the significant health-related consequences of nicotine dependence too few studies have examined smoking reduction and the findings are inconsistent. Further clinical studies on this topic are urgently required.

Schlüsselwörter

Zigaretten Reduktion - Harm Reduction - Zigaretten reduzieren - Rauchen reduzieren - Reduktion von Zigaretten

Keywords

cigarette reduction - harm reduction - reducing cigarettes - reducing smoking - reduction of cigarettes
 

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