Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385272
Nicht-organischer Schwindel
Somatoform Vertigo SyndromesPublication History
22 August 2014
15 September 2014
Publication Date:
20 March 2015 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Etwa 30 % der allgemeinmedizinischen Patienten klagen über episodische oder chronische Schwindelsymptome mit oftmals erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen ihres Allgemeinbefindens und ihrer Alltagsaktivitäten. Ca. 30 – 50 % der organisch nicht ausreichend gut erklärten Schwindelsyndrome sind durch psychosomatische Erkrankungen bedingt. Diese nicht-organischen Schwindelformen können ohne eine vorausgegangene organische Schwindelerkrankung (primär somatoformer Schwindel) auftreten oder infolge einer organischen Störung der Gleichgewichtsfunktion (sekundär somatoformer Schwindel). Häufig wird erst nach einem längeren Krankheitsverlauf von Monaten bis hin zu Jahren die richtige Diagnose gestellt und der Patient einer adäquaten störungsspezifischen psychosomatischen Therapie zugeführt. Für den Krankheitsverlauf ist daher von zentraler Bedeutung, dass neben einer sorgfältigen interdisziplinären Organdiagnostik frühzeitig auch eine differenzierte psychosomatische Diagnostik erfolgt.
Abstract
About 30 % of patients presenting to general practitioners complain of episodic or chronic vertigo or dizziness symptoms mostly with substantial impact on their daily living and activities. 30 to 50 % of the dizziness disorders are organically not sufficiently explained and are caused by mental or psychosomatic diseases. Somatoform dizziness syndromes can occur without a preceding vestibular disorder (e. g., primary somatoform dizziness) or they can develop in consequence of an organic vestibular disorder (secondary somatoform dizziness). However, it often takes months or even years until the correct diagnosis is made and an appropriate psychosomatic therapy can be initiated. Therefore, it is essential for the course of the disease that at an early stage not only careful interdisciplinary organic but also psychosomatic diagnostics are applied.
-
Literatur
- 1 Bisdorff A, Von Brevern M, Lempert T et al. Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. J Vestib Res 2009; 19: 1-13
- 2 Tusa RJ. Dizziness. Med Clin North Am 2009; 93: 263-271
- 3 Neuhauser HK. Epidemiology of vertigo. Curr Opin Neurol 2007; 20: 40-46
- 4 Dieterich M, Eckhardt-Henn A. Neurologische und somatoforme Schwindelsyndrome. Neurological and somatoform vertigo syndromes. Nervenarzt 2004; 75: 281-302
- 5 Eckhardt-Henn A, Tschan R, Best C et al. Somatoforme Schwindelsyndrome. Nervenarzt 2009; 80: 909-917
- 6 Furman JM, Jacob RG. Psychiatric dizziness. Neurology 1997; 48: 1161-1166
- 7 Eckhardt-Henn A, Best C, Bense S et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in different organic vertigo syndromes. J Neurol 2008; 255: 420-428
- 8 Freud S. Über die Berechtigung, von der Neurasthenie einen bestimmten Symptomkomplex als „Angstneurose“ abzutrennen. Niederschrift vermutlich im Jahre 1903. . Erstveröffentlichung: Internationale Zeitschrift für Ärztliche Psychoanalyse 1913; Bd. 1 (04) 359-362 Gesammelte Werke, Bd. 8, 422–427
- 9 Brandt T. Phobischer Attackenschwindel: Ein neues Syndrom. Münch Med Wochenschr 1986; 128: 247-250
- 10 Brandt T. Phobic postural vertigo. Neurology 1996; 46: 1515-1519
- 11 Dilling H. Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. 2. Aufl. Bern: Huber; 1993
- 12 Eckhardt A. Die psychosomatische Begutachtung psychischer Störungen. MedSach 1999; 95: 187-191
- 13 Eckhardt-Henn A. Schwindel – Somatoforme Schwindelsyndrome. In: Joraschky P, Hrsg. Psychosomatische Medizin. 6. Aufl. 2009
- 14 Eckhardt-Henn A, Dieterich M. Psychiatric disorders in otoneurology patients. Neurol Clin 2005; 23: 731-749
- 15 Eckhardt-Henn A. Phobischer Schwankschwindel. Eine weitere Differenzierung psychogener Schwindelzustände erscheint oft erforderlich. Nervenarzt 1997; 68: 806-812
- 16 Best C, Eckhardt-Henn A, Diener G et al. Interaction of somatoform and vestibular disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 658-64
- 17 Dimsdale JE, Creed F, Escobar J et al. Somatic symptom disorder: an important change in DSM. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75: 223-228
- 18 Frances A. DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2013; 201: 530-531
- 19 Holmberg J, Karlberg M, Harlacher U et al. Treatment of phobic postural vertigo. A controlled study of cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-controlled desensitization. J Neurol 2006; 253: 500-506
- 20 Querner V, Krafczyk S, Dieterich M et al. Patients with somatoform phobic postural vertigo: the more difficult the balance task, the better the balance performance. Neurosci Lett 2000; 285: 21-24
- 21 Querner V, Krafczyk S, Dieterich M et al. Phobic postural vertigo. Body sway during visually induced roll vection. Exp Brain Res 2002; 143: 269-275
- 22 Wuehr M, Pradhan C, Novozhilov S et al. Inadequate interaction between open- and closed-loop postural control in phobic postural vertigo. J Neurol 2013; 260: 1314-1323
- 23 Schniepp R, Wuehr M, Pradhan C et al. Nonlinear variability of body sway in patients with phobic postural vertigo. Front Neurol 2013; 4: 115
- 24 Schniepp R, Wuehr M, Huth S et al. Gait characteristics of patients with phobic postural vertigo: effects of fear of falling, attention, and visual input. J Neurol 2014; 261: 738-746
- 25 Bronstein AM. Visual vertigo syndrome: clinical and posturography findings. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 59: 472-476
- 26 Staab JP, Rohe DE, Eggers SD et al. Anxious, introverted personality traits in patients with chronic subjective dizziness. J Psychosom Res 2014; 76: 80-83
- 27 Staab JP. Chronic subjective dizziness. Continuum (Minneap Minn). Neuro-otology 2012; 18: 1118-1141
- 28 Eckhardt-Henn A, Breuer P, Thomalske C et al. Anxiety disorders and other psychiatric subgroups in patients complaining of dizziness. J Anxiety Disord 2003; 17: 369-388
- 29 Saman Y, Bamiou DE, Gleeson M et al. Interactions between Stress and Vestibular Compensation – A Review. Front Neurol 2012; 3: 116
- 30 Best C, Eckhardt-Henn A, Tschan R et al. Psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity in different vestibular vertigo syndromes. Results of a prospective longitudinal study over one year. J Neurol 2009; 256: 58-65
- 31 Best C, Eckhardt-Henn A, Tschan R et al. Why do subjective vertigo and dizziness persist over one year after a vestibular vertigo syndrome?. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1164: 334-337
- 32 Jacob RG, Furman JM, Durrant JD et al. Surface dependence: a balance control strategy in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Psychosom Med 1997; 59: 323-330
- 33 Krafczyk S, Schlamp V, Dieterich M et al. Increased body sway at 3.5-8 Hz in patients with phobic postural vertigo. Neurosci Lett 1999; 259: 149-152
- 34 Tschan R, Best C, Beutel ME et al. Patients’' psychological well-being and resilient coping protect from secondary somatoform vertigo and dizziness (SVD) 1 year after vestibular disease. J Neurol 2011; 258: 104-112
- 35 Tschan R, Eckhardt-Henn A, Scheurich V et al. Steadfast-effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral self-management program for patients with somatoform vertigo and dizziness. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2012; 62: 111-119
- 36 Lahmann C, Henningsen P, Brandt T et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial impairment among patients with vertigo and dizziness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307601.
- 37 Wiltink J, Tschan R, Michal M et al. Dizziness: anxiety, health care utilization and health behavior--results from a representative German community survey. J Psychosom Res 2009; 66: 417-424
- 38 Yardley L, Masson E, Verschuur C et al. Symptoms, anxiety and handicap in dizzy patients: development of the vertigo symptom scale. J Psychosom Res 1992; 36: 731-741
- 39 Goto F, Tsutsumi T, Ogawa K. Treatment of chronic subjective dizziness by SSRIs. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 2013; 116: 1208-1213
- 40 Furman JM, Balaban CD, Jacob RG et al. Migraine-anxiety related dizziness (MARD): a new disorder?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 1-8
- 41 Schmid G, Henningsen P, Dieterich M et al. Psychotherapy in dizziness: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82: 601-606
- 42 Holmberg J, Karlberg M, Harlacher U et al. One-year follow-up of cognitive behavioral therapy for phobic postural vertigo. J Neurol 2007; 254: 1189-1192
- 43 Andersson G, Asmundson GJ, Denev J et al. A controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy combined with vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness. Behav Res Ther 2006; 44: 1265-1273
- 44 Johansson M, Akerlund D, Larsen HC et al. Randomized controlled trial of vestibular rehabilitation combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for dizziness in older people. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 125: 151-156
- 45 Simon NM, Parker SW, Wernick-Robinson M et al. Fluoxetine for vestibular dysfunction and anxiety: a prospective pilot study. Psychosomatics 2005; 46: 334-339