Fiber, Food Intolerances, FODMAPs, Gluten und funktionelle Darmerkrankungen – Update 2014

Zusammenfassung

In einer Übersicht wird der Stand der Diskussion zu Ballaststoffen und Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS) zusammengefasst, es werden Studien zu Nahrungsmittelallergien und Unverträglichkeiten von biogenen Aminen (Histaminintoleranzsyndrom, HIS) diskutiert. Nach Erörterung der Rolle eines Laktasemangels oder einer Fruktosemalabsorption wird ausführlich auf das FODMAP-Konzept (fermentierbare Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharide und Polyole) eingegangen, es werden aktuelle Studien zu pathophysiologischen Effekten verschiedener FODMAP-Bestandteile und zu therapeutischen Effekten einer FODMAP-armen Ernährung dargestellt. Abschließend werden Studien zum neuen Krankheitsbild einer Nicht-Sprue-Gluten-Sensitivität erörtert und der diesbezügliche Stand der Diskussion zusammengefasst.

Abstract

The controversial effects of dietary fiber on symptoms in functional gastrointestinal disorders are summarized. Studies concerning adverse reaction to foods are mentioned and the possible role of food allergy and food intolerances, especially pseudoallergic reactions to biogenes amines, in symptom provocation is discussed. The known effects of lactose deficiency and fructose malabsorption are reviewed. The FODMAP concept (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols) is presented in more detail and recent studies on pathophysiological effects of FODMAP constituents and of therapeutic effects of a low FODMAP diet on symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome are discussed. Finally, studies on the new disorder non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are summarized and the state of the discussion whether wheat intolerance is due to gluten or the grains is given.

Schlüsselwörter

Reizdarmsyndrom - Ballaststoffe - Nahrungsmittelintoleranzen - FODMAP - Gluten - Nicht-Sprue-Gluten-Sensitivität

Key words

irritable bowel syndrome - dietary fiber - food intolerances - FODMAP - gluten - non-celiac gluten sensitivity

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