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Aktuelle Rheumatologie 2014; 39(06): 375-383
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384556
Übersichtsarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Adipokine und Knochenstoffwechsel – gibt es einen Link?

Adipokines and Bone Metabolism – Is there a Link?
K. W. Frommer
1   Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Bad Nauheim
,
E. Neumann
1   Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Bad Nauheim
,
U. Lange
2   Rheumatologie, Physikalische Medizin und Osteologie, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Bad Nauheim
,
A. Günther
3   Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Klinik II, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen
,
U. Müller-Ladner
1   Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Bad Nauheim
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 December 2014 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Während sich Ab- und Aufbauprozesse des Knochens im Körper eines gesunden Erwachsenen die Waage halten, können Störungen des Knochenstoffwechsels dazu führen, dass ein Ungleichgewicht entsteht, welches in einer pathologischen Veränderung der Knochendichte, wie bei der Osteoporose, oder der pathologischen Neubildung von Knochenstrukturen, wie bei der ankylosierenden Spondylitis, resultiert. Aktivität und Differenzierung der knochenbildenden Zellen, der Osteoblasten, und der knochenabbauenden Zellen, der Osteoklasten, sind die wesentlichen Faktoren, welche Knochenauf- und -abbau bestimmen. Zahlreiche Moleküle sind an der Regulierung dieser Vorgänge beteiligt, darunter RANKL, OPG und verschiedene inflammatorische Faktoren. Letztere wurden in jüngerer Zeit durch die sogenannten Adipokine, einer Gruppe zytokinähnlicher Proteine, welche zuerst in Fettgewebe identifiziert wurden, die jedoch auch von weiteren Zelltypen produziert werden, erweitert. Diese Übersichtsarbeit geht der Frage nach, ob und ggf. wie Adipokine Einfluss auf den Knochenstoffwechsel nehmen können und ob eine Korrelation zur Knochendichte besteht. Dazu wird ein Überblick über die Forschungsergebnisse aus in vitro-Analysen, Tierexperimenten und klinischen Studien gegeben. Diese zeigen deutlich auf, dass ein Link zwischen Adipokinen und dem Knochenstoffwechsel bzw. den Zellen des Knochenstoffwechsels besteht. Die tatsächliche Wirkung der Adipokine auf den Knochen im menschlichen Organismus scheint jedoch von einer Vielzahl weiterer Faktoren abzuhängen, da je nach experimentellem und klinischem Modell deutliche Diskrepanzen zwischen den verschiedenen Ergebnissen bestehen.

Abstract

While there is a homeostasis between bone formation and bone resorption in the healthy organism of human adults, disorders of bone metabolism can disrupt this balance resulting in pathological changes of bone density as in osteoporosis or the pathological formation of new bone structures as in ankylosing spondylitis. The activity and differentiation of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts are the key factors determining the actual balance or dysbalance of bone metabolism. A wide spectrum of molecules is involved in regulating these processes including RANKL, OPG and several inflammation-related factors. Recently, the so-called adipokines, a group of cytokine-like mediators first discovered in adipose tissue but also produced by various other cell types, have been added to this spectrum. In this review, we addressed whether and how adipokines affect bone metabolism and whether there is a correlation with bone density. For this, an overview of research results from in vitro analyses, animal experiments and clinical studies is provided. The results clearly show a link between adipokines and bone metabolism. However, the actual effect of adipokines on bone in the human organism appears to be dependent on numerous other factors as there are, in part, obvious discrepancies between these results depending on the respective experimental model or clinical setting.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipokine - Knochenmetabolismus - Osteoblasten - Osteoklasten - Knochendichte

Key words

adipokines - bone metabolism - osteoblasts - osteoclasts - bone density
 

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