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Semin intervent Radiol 2014; 31(01): 003-008
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363837
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Epidemiology and Staging of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Carole A. Ridge
1   Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
,
Bradley B. Pua
2   Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, New York–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
,
David C. Madoff
2   Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, New York–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
› Author Affiliations
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Publication Date:
20 February 2014 (online)

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Abstract

Incidence and mortality trends attributed to kidney cancer exhibit marked regional variability, likely related to demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. Efforts to identify reversible factors, which lead to the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), have led not only to a greater understanding of the etiology of RCC but also the genetic and histologic characteristics of renal tumors. This article describes this evolution by discussing contemporary RCC incidence and mortality data, the risk factors for development of RCC, the histologic features, and anatomic and integrated staging systems that guide treatment.

Keywords

renal cell carcinoma - kidney cancer - epidemiology and staging - incidence - mortality - risk factors