Systemischer Lupus erythematodes und Lupusnephritis – Symptome und Diagnostik

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung, die alle Organe befallen kann. Am häufigsten sind junge Frauen von der Erkrankung betroffen, deren Symptome Abgeschlagenheit, Hautausschläge, Haarausfall und Sonnenempfindlichkeit sowie Gelenkschmerzen oft unspezifisch klingen können. Für die Diagnosestellung ist daher eine detaillierte Anamnese und umfassende klinische Untersuchung nötig. Diese wird durch verschiedene Laborparameter ergänzt, wobei der Testung auf antinukleäre Antikörper eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Die Nierenbeteiligung bei SLE kann sich klinisch unterschiedlich manifestieren – von isolierter Proteinurie bis hin zum rapiden Nierenversagen. Eine Nierenbiopsie sollte zur Klassifikation der Lupusnephritis und Therapiewahl angestrebt werden.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease which can affect all organs of the body. The disease most frequently affects young women who may complain of tiredness, skin alterations, hair loss and joint pain. The diagnosis of SLE requires a comprehensive clinical history and physical examination. Specific autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies help to make the diagnosis. Renal manifestations of SLE cause different symptoms such as isolated proteinuria or renal failure with microhematuria. A kidney biopsy is required in most cases to classify the nephritis and to choose from different treatment options.

Key words

systemic lupus erythematosus - lupus nephritis - autoimmune disease - symptoms - diagnostics

• Literatur

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