Laienreanimation – Reanimation als Schulfach: „Was Hänschen nicht lernt …“

Zusammenfassung

Der plötzliche Herztod ist eine der häufigsten abwendbaren Todesursachen in Europa. Ein lebenswichtiger Baustein der erfolgreichen Behandlung von Patienten mit einem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand ist der sofortige Beginn der Thoraxkompression bis zum Eintreffen des Rettungsdiensts. Obwohl mehr als die Hälfte aller Kreislaufstillstände in Deutschland beobachtet sind, wird in nur 20% der Fälle eine Laienreanimation durchgeführt. Eine Möglichkeit die Laienreanimationsquote zu erhöhen, ist die Reanimation schon als Schulfach anzubieten. Wiederbelebung als Schulfach kann unabhängig vom Alter und physischen Fähigkeiten implementiert werden. Dabei sind ein der Entwicklungsstufe angepasstes Wiederbelebungstraining und die Integration eines AED in den Wiederbelebungsunterricht an Schulen sinnvoll. Je früher mit dem Unterricht begonnen wird, umso erfolgreicher ist das Training. Es fehlt an einem verpflichtenden einheitlichen Curriculum.

Abstract

Sudden cardiac arrest is a major contributor to avoidable deaths in Europe. Immediate start of basic life support (BLS) by laypersons is among the most successful strategies in the treatment of cardiac arrest patients. Despite the fact that more than half of all cardiac arrests in Germany are witnessed by a bystander, only in one fifth of all arrests layperson resuscitation is initiated. One strategy to enhance bystander BLS is to establish cardiac resuscitation tuition in schools. BLS instructions for pupils have been proven to be successfully implemented independent from children's age or physical ability. Although an age-adjusted curriculum seems reasonable even usage of automatic external defibrillators (AED) can be taught effectually. The earlier in the life of a student BLS-instruction begins, the more successful the training is. However a national German curriculum for BLS-training in schools has yet to be established in Germany.

Kernaussagen

• Der plötzliche Herztod ist eine der häufigsten abwendbaren Todesursachen.

• Wiederbelebung durch Laien verdoppelt bis vervierfacht die Überlebensrate.

• Die Laienreanimationsrate in Deutschland ist sehr gering und liegt < 30 %.

• Länder mit Wiederbelebung als Schulfach haben signifikant höhere Laienreanimationsquoten mit 50–75 %.

• Welche Lehrmethode am effektivsten ist, bleibt zwar ungeklärt, ist aber in der Praxis irrelevant.

• Wiederbelebung als Schulfach kann unabhängig der Lehrmethode, der personellen und der technischen Ausstattung empfohlen werden.

• Ein praktisches Training mit regelmäßigen Wiederholungen ist essenziell.

• Aufgrund der Vielfalt an europäischen Schulen sollte eine lokale und regionale Umsetzung anhand eines einheitlichen Curriculums erfolgen.

• Die Autoren fordern eine flächendeckende Implementierung des Schulfachs Wiederbelebung in Europa.

Schlüsselwörter:

Laienreanimation - Basismaßnahmen - Schulkinder - Ausbildung - Erste-Hilfe

Key words:

Lay resuscitation - basic life support - school children - education - first aid

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