Veränderung der Einstellung zur Schizophrenie durch das Psychiatriepraktikum im Medizinstudium

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen: Es sollte untersucht werden, ob durch das Psychiatriepraktikum eine Veränderung der Einstellung zur Schizophrenie erzielt werden kann.

Methode: Studierende der Medizin wurden vor und nach dem 2-wöchigen Psychiatriepraktikum gebeten, die 5 Fragen des Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) zu beantworten.

Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich bei den 100 teilnehmenden Studierenden eine statistisch signifikante Verbesserung des AMIQ-Summenwerts mit einer Effektstärke von 0,35.

Schlussfolgerung: Das Psychiatriepraktikum erscheint als ein geeignetes Mittel um Stigmatisierung abzubauen.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine if psychiatric training of medical students is appropriate to change their attitude towards schizophrenia and reduce stigma.

Method: Students at Ulm University were asked to answer five questions regarding a short case vignette about a patient suffering from schizophrenia at the beginning and at the end of a two-week psychiatric training within their undergraduate medical education. For this purpose, the Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire was used. Differences between attitudes before and after the training were examined (paired t-test) and effect sizes were calculated (Cohen’s d).

Results: Data were available of 100 students, 34 men and 66 women. There was a statistically significant improvement in the total means of the AMIQ score from – 3.09 at the beginning to – 2.31 at the end of the psychiatric training. The effect size (d) was 0.35. No significant differences were found with respect to the participants’ age and gender.

Conclusion: A two-week psychiatric training appears to be an appropriate and effective teaching tool to reduce stigma. This is important because health care for patients with schizophrenia is strongly influenced by the practitioner’s attitude towards them.

Schlüsselwörter

Schizophrenie - Einstellung - Studierende der Medizin - Stigma

Keywords

schizophrenia - attitude - medical students - stigma

• Literatur

• 1 Angermeyer MC, Dietrich S. Public beliefs about attitudes towards people with mental illness: a review of population studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 163-179
• 2 Schomerus G, Schwahn C, Holzinger A et al. Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012; 125: 440-452
• 3 Vauth R, Hohagen F, Lotz-Rambaldi W. Schizophrenie als Leitkrankheit der Psychiatrie. Psychiat Prax 2012; 39: 153-156
• 4 Sibitz I, Friedrich ME, Unger A et al. Internalisiertes Stigma bei Schizophrenie: Validierung der deutschen Version der Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness-Skala. Psychiat Prax 2013; 40: 83-91
• 5 Lauber C, Anthony M, Ajdacic-Gross V et al. What about psychiatrists’ attitude to mentally ill people?. Eur Psychiatry 2004; 19: 423-427
• 6 Lauber C, Nordt C, Braunschweig C et al. Do mental health professionals stigmatize their patients?. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113 (Suppl. 01) 51-59
• 7 Nordt C, Rossler W, Lauber C. Attitudes of mental health professionals towards people with schizophrenia and major depression. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32: 709-714
• 8 Patel MX. Attitudes to psychosis: health professionals. Epidemiol Psychiatr Soc 2004; 13: 213-218
• 9 Thornicroft G. Shunned: Discrimination against people with mental illness. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006
• 10 Thornicroft G. Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 2008; 17: 14-19
• 11 Druss BG, Branford DW, Rosenheck RA et al. Mental disorders and use of cardiovascular procedures after myocardial infarction. JAMA 2000; 283: 506-511
• 12 Lawrence DM, Holman CDJ, Jablensky AV et al. Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients. Br J Psych 2003; 182: 31-36
• 13 Ücok A, Soygür H, Atakli C et al. The impact of antistigma education on the attitude of general practitioners regarding schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 60: 439-443
• 14 Galletly C, Burton C. Improving medical student attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2011; 45: 473-476
• 15 Luty J, Fekadu D, Umoh O et al. Validation of a short instrument to measure stigmatised attitudes towards mental illness. Psychiatr Bull 2006; 30: 257-260
• 16 Youssef FF, Bachew R, Bodie D et al. Knowledge and attitudes towards mental illness among college students: Insights into the wider English-speaking Carribean population. Int J Soc Psychiatry DOI: DOI: 10.1177/0020764012461236.
• 17 Schomerus G, Schwahn C, Holzinger A et al. Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012; 125: 440-452
• 18 Angermeyer M, Buyantugs L, Knezine D et al. Effects of labeling on public attitudes towards people with schizophrenia: are there cultural differences?. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 109: 420-425
• 19 Peluso ETP, Blay SL. Public stigma and schizophrenia in Sao Paulo city. Braz J Psychiatry 2011; 33: 130-136
• 20 Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Gasse C. Chronic somatic comorbidity and excess mortality due to natural causes in persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. PLoS One 2011; 6: e24597
• 21 Weinmann S, Read J, Aderhold V. Influence of antipsychotics on mortality in schizophrenia: a systematic review. Schizophr Res 2009; 113: 1-11
• 22 Tiihonen J, Lönnqvist J, Wahlbeck K et al. 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet 2009; 374: 620-627
• 23 Leucht S, Burkard T, Henderson J et al. Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 116: 317-333
• 24 Steinert T, Breier A, Flammer E. Wahrnehmung von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen und Arztbesuchen bei Menschen mit Schizophrenie und Menschen ohne psychische Erkrankung mit vergleichbarem Sozialstatus. Psychiat Prax 2011; 38: 87-90
• 25 Somon AE, Lauber C, Ludewig K et al. Swiss Early Psychosis Project. General practitioners and schizophrenia: results from a Swiss survey. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187: 274-281
• 26 Meise U, Sulzenbacher H, Hinterhuber H. Das Stigma der Schizophrenie: Versuche zu dessen Überwindung. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 2001; 69: 75-80
• 27 Schomerus G, Angermeyer MC. Psychiatrie – endlich entstigmatisiert?. Psychiat Prax 2013; 40: 59-61