Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2013; 17(02): 177-178
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343095
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Benign Synovial Tumors and Proliferative Processes

Hillary W. Garner
1   Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
,
Joseph M. Bestic
1   Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
14 May 2013 (online)

Abstract

This article discusses several benign tumors and proliferative processes of the synovium including giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial chondromatosis, lipoma arborescens, and synovial hemangioma, lipoma, and fibroma. We review the clinical features and imaging characteristics of each entity, with a special focus on the unique imaging findings that can enable a confident diagnosis or a limited differential diagnosis.

 
  • References

  • 1 Weiss SD, Goldblum J. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2008
  • 2 de St. Aubain Somerhausen, Dal Cin P. Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F, , eds. WHO Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002
  • 3 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006
  • 4 Murphey MD, Rhee JH, Lewis RB, Fanburg-Smith JC, Flemming DJ, Walker EA. Pigmented villonodular synovitis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2008; 28 (5) 1493-1518
  • 5 Myers BW, Masi AT. Pigmented villonodular synovitis and tenosynovitis: a clinical epidemiologic study of 166 cases and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 1980; 59 (3) 223-238
  • 6 Ushijima M, Hashimoto H, Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M. Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (nodular tenosynovitis). A study of 207 cases to compare the large joint group with the common digit group. Cancer 1986; 57 (4) 875-884
  • 7 Walker EA, Fenton ME, Salesky JS, Murphey MD. Magnetic resonance imaging of benign soft tissue neoplasms in adults. Radiol Clin North Am 2011; 49 (6) 1197-1217 , vi
  • 8 Rodrigues C, Desai S, Chinoy R. Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: a retrospective study of 28 cases. J Surg Oncol 1998; 68 (2) 100-103
  • 9 Karasick D, Karasick S. Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath: spectrum of radiologic findings. Skeletal Radiol 1992; 21 (4) 219-224
  • 10 Middleton WD, Patel V, Teefey SA, Boyer MI. Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath: analysis of sonographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183 (2) 337-339
  • 11 Wang Y, Tang J, Luo Y. The value of sonography in diagnosing giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath. J Ultrasound Med 2007; 26 (10) 1333-1340
  • 12 Lee MH, Kim NR, Ryu JA. Cyst-like solid tumors of the musculoskeletal system: an analysis of ultrasound findings. Skeletal Radiol 2010; 39 (10) 981-986
  • 13 Cheng JW, Tang SF, Yu TY, Chou SW, Wong AM, Tsai WC. Sonographic features of soft tissue tumors in the hand and forearm. Chang Gung Med J 2007; 30 (6) 547-554
  • 14 Jelinek JS, Kransdorf MJ, Shmookler BM, Aboulafia AA, Malawer MM. Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: MR findings in nine cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994; 162 (4) 919-922
  • 15 Kitagawa Y, Ito H, Amano Y, Sawaizumi T, Takeuchi T. MR imaging for preoperative diagnosis and assessment of local tumor extent on localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Skeletal Radiol 2003; 32 (11) 633-638
  • 16 De Beuckeleer L, De Schepper A, De Belder F , et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of localized giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath (MRI of localized GCTTS). Eur Radiol 1997; 7 (2) 198-201
  • 17 De Ponti A, Sansone V, Malcherè M. Result of arthroscopic treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Arthroscopy 2003; 19 (6) 602-607
  • 18 Dorwart RH, Genant HK, Johnston WH, Morris JM. Pigmented villonodular synovitis of synovial joints: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984; 143 (4) 877-885
  • 19 Llauger J, Palmer J, Rosón N, Cremades R, Bagué S. Pigmented villonodular synovitis and giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath: radiologic and pathologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172 (4) 1087-1091
  • 20 Bravo SM, Winalski CS, Weissman BN. Pigmented villonodular synovitis. Radiol Clin North Am 1996; 34 (2) 311-326 , x–xi
  • 21 Al-Nakshabandi NA, Ryan AG, Choudur H , et al. Pigmented villonodular synovitis. Clin Radiol 2004; 59 (5) 414-420
  • 22 Flandry F, Hughston JC, McCann SB, Kurtz DM. Diagnostic features of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994; (298) 212-220
  • 23 Hughes TH, Sartoris DJ, Schweitzer ME, Resnick DL. Pigmented villonodular synovitis: MRI characteristics. Skeletal Radiol 1995; 24 (1) 7-12
  • 24 Lin J, Jacobson JA, Jamadar DA, Ellis JH. Pigmented villonodular synovitis and related lesions: the spectrum of imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172 (1) 191-197
  • 25 Narváez JA, Narváez J, Aguilera C, De Lama E, Portabella F. MR imaging of synovial tumors and tumor-like lesions. Eur Radiol 2001; 11 (12) 2549-2560
  • 26 Huang GS, Lee CH, Chan WP, Chen CY, Yu JS, Resnick D. Localized nodular synovitis of the knee: MR imaging appearance and clinical correlates in 21 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181 (2) 539-543
  • 27 Akgün I, Ogüt T, Kesmezacar H, Dervisoglu S. Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Orthopedics 2003; 26 (11) 1131-1135
  • 28 Dines JS, DeBerardino TM, Wells JL , et al. Long-term follow-up of surgically treated localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Arthroscopy 2007; 23 (9) 930-937
  • 29 Kim SJ, Shin SJ, Choi NH, Choo ET. Arthroscopic treatment for localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000; (379) 224-230
  • 30 Loriaut P, Djian P, Boyer T, Bonvarlet JP, Delin C, Makridis KG. Arthroscopic treatment of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20 (8) 1550-1553
  • 31 Ozalay M, Tandoğan RN, Akpinar S , et al. Arthroscopic treatment of solitary benign intra-articular lesions of the knee that cause mechanical symptoms. Arthroscopy 2005; 21 (1) 12-18
  • 32 Pinaroli A, Ait Si Selmi T, Servien E, Neyret P. Surgical management of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee: Retrospective analysis of 28 cases. [in French] Rev Chir Orthop Repar Appar Mot 2006; 92 (5) 437-447
  • 33 Rhee PC, Sassoon AA, Sayeed SA, Stuart MS, Dahm DL. Arthroscopic treatment of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis: long-term functional results. Am J Orthop 2010; 39 (9) E90-E94
  • 34 Mackie GC. Pigmented villonodular synovitis and giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: scintigraphic findings in 10 cases. Clin Nucl Med 2003; 28 (11) 881-885
  • 35 Lee MK, Choong PF, Smith PJ, Powell GJ, Slavin JL, Schlicht SM. Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip mimicking soft-tissue sarcoma: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2006; 14 (1) 76-80
  • 36 Kitapci MT, Coleman RE. Incidental detection of pigmented villonodular synovitis on FDG PET. Clin Nucl Med 2003; 28 (8) 668-669
  • 37 Murphey MD, Vidal JA, Fanburg-Smith JC, Gajewski DA. Imaging of synovial chondromatosis with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2007; 27 (5) 1465-1488
  • 38 Sheldon PJ, Forrester DM, Learch TJ. Imaging of intraarticular masses. Radiographics 2005; 25 (1) 105-119
  • 39 Miller MV, King A, Mertens F. Synovial chondromatosis. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F, , eds. WHO Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002: 246
  • 40 Jaganathan S, Goyal A, Gadodia A, Rastogi S, Mittal R, Gamanagatti S. Spectrum of synovial pathologies: a pictorial assay. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2012; 41 (1) 30-42
  • 41 O'Connell JX. Pathology of the synovium. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 114 (5) 773-784
  • 42 Narváez JA, Narváez J, Ortega R, De Lama E, Roca Y, Vidal N. Hypointense synovial lesions on T2-weighted images: differential diagnosis with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181 (3) 761-769
  • 43 Adelani MA, Wupperman RM, Holt GE. Benign synovial disorders. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008; 16 (5) 268-275
  • 44 Rybak LD, Khaldi L, Wittig J, Steiner GC. Primary synovial chondrosarcoma of the hip joint in a 45-year-old male: case report and literature review. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40 (10) 1375-1381
  • 45 Schlachter TR, Wu Q, Matlyuk-Urman Z. AIRP best cases in radiologic-pathologic correlation: synovial chondrosarcoma. Radiographics 2011; 31 (7) 1883-1888
  • 46 Helpert C, Davies AM, Evans N, Grimer RJ. Differential diagnosis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the infrapatellar (Hoffa's) fat pad: pictorial review with an emphasis on MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2004; 14 (12) 2337-2346
  • 47 Stacy GS, Heck RK, Peabody TD, Dixon LB. Neoplastic and tumorlike lesions detected on MR imaging of the knee in patients with suspected internal derangement: Part 2, articular and juxtaarticular entities. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 178 (3) 595-599
  • 48 Wittkop B, Davies AM, Mangham DC. Primary synovial chondromatosis and synovial chondrosarcoma: a pictorial review. Eur Radiol 2002; 12 (8) 2112-2119
  • 49 Sola JB, Wright RW. Arthroscopic treatment for lipoma arborescens of the knee: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998; 80 (1) 99-103
  • 50 Yan CH, Wong JW, Yip DK. Bilateral knee lipoma arborescens: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2008; 16 (1) 107-110
  • 51 Ryu KN, Jaovisidha S, Schweitzer M, Motta AO, Resnick D. MR imaging of lipoma arborescens of the knee joint. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 167 (5) 1229-1232
  • 52 Coll JP, Ragsdale BD, Chow B, Daughters TC. Best cases from the AFIP: lipoma arborescens of the knees in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographics 2011; 31 (2) 333-337
  • 53 Nielsen GP, Mandahl N. Lipoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002: 20
  • 54 Calonje E. Haemangiomas. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002: 156
  • 55 Greenspan A, Azouz EM, Matthews II J, Décarie JC. Synovial hemangioma: imaging features in eight histologically proven cases, review of the literature, and differential diagnosis. Skeletal Radiol 1995; 24 (8) 583-590
  • 56 Akgün I, Kesmezacar H, Oğüt T, Dervişoğlu S. Intra-articular hemangioma of the knee. Arthroscopy 2003; 19 (3) E17
  • 57 Suh JT, Cheon SJ, Choi SJ. Synovial hemangioma of the knee. Arthroscopy 2003; 19 (7) E27-E30
  • 58 Llauger J, Monill JM, Palmer J, Clotet M. Synovial hemangioma of the knee: MRI findings in two cases. Skeletal Radiol 1995; 24 (8) 579-581
  • 59 Sasho T, Nakagawa K, Matsuki K , et al. Two cases of synovial haemangioma of the knee joint: Gd-enhanced image features on MRI and arthroscopic excision. Knee 2011; 18 (6) 509-511
  • 60 Hirano K, Deguchi M, Kanamono T. Intra-articular synovial lipoma of the knee joint (located in the lateral recess): a case report and review of the literature. Knee 2007; 14 (1) 63-67
  • 61 Bernstein AD, Jazrawi LM, Rose DJ. Arthroscopic treatment of an intra-articular lipoma of the knee joint. Arthroscopy 2001; 17 (5) 539-541
  • 62 Farshid GBJ. Fibroma of tendon sheath. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F, , eds. WHO Classification of Tumours: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002
  • 63 Fox MG, Kransdorf MJ, Bancroft LW, Peterson JJ, Flemming DJ. MR imaging of fibroma of the tendon sheath. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180 (5) 1449-1453
  • 64 Ciatti R, Mariani PP. Fibroma of tendon sheath located within the ankle joint capsule. J Orthop Traumatol 2009; 10 (3) 147-150