Zerebrale Infektionen können letal verlaufen, Voraussetzung für eine schnelle und effektive Therapie ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose. Eine allgemein anerkannte Methode ist die Bildgebung mittels MRT, in der vorliegenden Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über wichtige Sequenzen und charakteristische Bildmuster, jedoch auch über Grenzen ihrer Aussagekraft gegeben werden.
Abstract
Cerebral infections may develop into a life-threatening condition. Fast and correct diagnosis is crucial for a differentiated therapy and MRI imaging is widely accepted as the method of choice. Both specific MR sequences and imaging characteristics of major cerebral infections are addressed in this overview. Furthermore, limitations and pitfalls of the method are discussed.
Key words
brain -
infection -
MRI
Literatur
1 McClelland 3rd S, Hall WA. Postoperative central nervous system infection: Incidence and associated factors in 2111 neurosurgical procedures. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 55-59
3 Luthra G, Parihar A, Nath K et al. Comparative evaluation of fungal, tubercular, and pyogenic brain abscesses with conventional and diffusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy. Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28: 1332-1338
5 Cartes-Zumelzu FW, Stavrou I, Castillo M et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscesses therapy. Am J Neuroradiol 2004; 25: 1310-1317
6 Guzman R, Barth A, Lovblad KO et al. Use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating purulent brain processes from cystic brain tumors. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 1101-1107
8 Farrell CJ, Hoh BL, Pisculli ML et al. Limitations of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of postoperative infections. Neurosurgery 2008; 62: 577-583 ; discussion 577-583
9 Wang S, Kim S, Chawla S et al. Differentiation between glioblastomas, solitary brain metastases, and primary cerebral lymphomas using diffusion tensor and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32: 507-514
12 Kim HS, Jahng GH, Ryu CW et al. Added value and diagnostic performance of intratumoral susceptibility signals in the differential diagnosis of solitary enhancing brain lesions: Preliminary study. Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30: 1574-1579
13 Heye T, Stoijkovic M, Kauczor HU et al. Extrapulmonale Tuberkulose: Die radiologische Bildgebung eines fast vergessenen Verwandlungskünstlers. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2011; 183: 1019-1029
15 Hähnel S, Storch-Hagenlocher B, Kress B et al. Infektiöse Erkrankungen des Hirnparenchyms bei Erwachsenen: Bildgebung und differenzialdiagnostische Aspekte. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2005; 177: 1349-1365
20 Haïk S, Brandel JP, Sazdovitch V et al. Dementia with lewy bodies in a neuropathologic series of suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurology 2000; 55: 1401-1404
22 Arruda WO, Bordignon KC, Milano JB et al. Doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob forma heidenhain: Relato de caso com achados de ressonância magnética e dwi. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2004; 62: 347-352
24 Meissner B, Kallenberg K, Sanchez-Juan P et al. Isolated cortical signal increase on MR imaging as a frequent lesion pattern in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29: 1519-1524
26 Galanaud D, Haik S, Linguraru MG et al. Combined diffusion imaging and MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of human prion diseases. Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31: 1311-1318
27 Frantzidou F, Kamaria F, Dumaidi K et al. Aseptic meningitis and encephalitis because of herpesviruses and enteroviruses in an immunocompetent adult population. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15: 995-997
30 Leonard JR, Moran CJ, Cross 3rd DT et al. MR imaging of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in infants and young children: A separate pattern of findings. Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174: 1651-1655
31 Lakeman FD, Whitley RJ. Diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis: Application of polymerase chain reaction to cerebrospinal fluid from brain-biopsied patients and correlation with disease. National institute of allergy and infectious diseases collaborative antiviral study group. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 857-863
33 Vossough A, Zimmerman R, Bilaniuk L et al. Imaging findings of neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis. Neuroradiology 2008; 50 (4) 355-366
41 Rapidis AD. Orbitomaxillary mucormycosis (zygomycosis) and the surgical approach to treatment: Perspectives from a maxillofacial surgeon. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15: 98-102
42 Horger M, Beschorner R, Beck R et al. Common and uncommon imaging findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) with differential diagnostic considerations. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; Oct; 114 (8) 1123-1130
43 Weber T, Trebst C, Frye S et al. Analysis of the systemic and intrathecal humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 250-254
44 Mader I, Herrlinger U, Klose U et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Analysis of lesion development with diffusion-weighted MRI. Neuroradiology 2003; 45: 717-721
46 Tan CS, Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by jc virus: Clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 425-437
47 Behzad-Behbahani A, Klapper PE, Vallely PJ et al. Bkv-DNA and jcv-DNA in csf of patients with suspected meningitis or encephalitis. Infection 2003; 31: 374-378
48 Wüthrich C, Dang X, Westmoreland S et al. Fulminant jc virus encephalopathy with productive infection of cortical pyramidal neurons. Ann Neurol 2009; 65: 742-748
49 Sahraian MA, Radue EW, Eshaghi A et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A review of the neuroimaging features and differential diagnosis. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 1060-1069
50 Clifford DB, De Luca A, Simpson DM et al. Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: Lessons from 28 cases. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 438-446
