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DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323761
Biomechanische Vergleichsstudien von Implantatsystemen zur Versorgung distaler Radiusfrakturen: Welche Schlussfolgerungen ergeben sich für die klinische Praxis?
Comparative Biomechanical Studies on Implant Systems for the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: What are the Conclusions for Clinical Practice?Publication History
eingereicht 28 August 2011
akzeptiert 19 August 2012
Publication Date:
01 October 2012 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel:
Diese Arbeit untersucht, welche Schlussfolgerungen sich für den klinischen Alltag der operativen Frakturversorgung distaler Radiusfrakturen aus den in den letzten 10 Jahren publizierten biomechanischen Studien von Implantatsystemen zur Versorgung distaler Radiusfrakturen ergeben.
Methode:
Nach Identifikation mittels Literaturrecherche von 21 Artikeln zu biomechanischen Studien von Implantatsystemen zur Versorgung dieser Radiusfrakturen wurden diese hinsichtlich der verwendeten Präparate und Frakturmodelle sowie Implantate analysiert. Die jeweilige Kernaussage wurde hinsichtlich ihrer klinischen Relevanz überprüft.
Ergebnisse:
Alle getesteten palmaren winkelstabilen Plattensysteme zeigten eine ausreichende Steifigkeit um der Kraftübertragung von der Hand auf den Unterarm auch beim aktiven Faustschluss Stand zu halten. Eine Überlegenheit palmarer winkelstabiler Plattensysteme im Hinblick auf die Steifigkeit über dorsale winkelstabile Plattensysteme lässt sich nicht belegen. Bei der Versorgung von Radiusextensionsfrakturen von palmar sind winkelstabile Platten nicht-winkelstabilen Platten überlegen. Winkelstabile Schrauben sind winkelstabilen Stiften vorzuziehen. Subchondral platzierte Schrauben ergeben eine höhere Stabilität als weiter proximal lokalisierte Schrauben. Bei palmaren Platten mit 2 distalen Schraubenlochreihen ergibt die komplette Besetzung aller Schraubenlöcher der beiden distalen Reihen die höchste Stabilität, ausreichend ist jedoch eine Besetzung mit jeweils 2 Schrauben pro Schraubenlochreihe.
Schlussfolgerung:
Aus den veröffentlichten biomechanischen Studien von Implantatsystemen zur Versorgung distaler Radiusfrakturen der letzten 10 Jahre ergaben sich durchaus klinisch relevante Schlussfolgerungen, deren Beachtung die Radiusfrakturversorgung sicherer macht. Sie sind entsprechend zu beachten.
Abstract
Aim:
This review evaluates which conclusions can be drawn for the clinical daily routine in operative treatment of distal radius fractures, regarding the published biomechanical studies concerning implant systems within the last 10 years.
Method:
After identification of 21 articles about biomechanical studies of implant systems for the treatment of distal radius fractures from a literature search, these articles were analysed concerning the specimens, the fracture model as well as the implants used. The quintessence was reviewed with regard to their clinical relevance.
Results:
All tested palmar angular stable plate systems showed sufficient stiffness for holding the load transmission from the hand to the forearm also within active fist closure. There was no advantage of palmar angular stable plates concerning stiffness compared to dorsal angular stable plates. Angular stable plates are superior over non-angular stable plates in treatment of distal radius extension fractures. Locking screws should be preferred over locking pegs. Subchondrally placed screws have a higher stability than more proximal localised screws. When palmar plates with 2 rows of distal screw holes are used, the highest stability can be achieved by filling all screw holes. However using 2 screws in each row is sufficient.
Conclusion:
There were clinically relevant implications from the published biomechanical studies concerning implant systems for treatment of distal radius fractures in the last 10 years and their considerations provide a safer therapy of distal radius fractures. These are to be respected accordingly.
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