Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000029.xml
J Reconstr Microsurg 2012; 28(05): 305-312
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311687
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311687
Microsurgery in the Hypercoagulable Patient: Review of the Literature
Further Information
Publication History
29 August 2011
22 December 2011
Publication Date:
30 April 2012 (online)
Abstract
Improved techniques in microvascular surgery over the last several decades have led to the increased use of free tissue transfers as a mode of reconstructing difficult problems with a high success rate. However, undiagnosed thrombophilias have been associated with microsurgery free flap failures. We present a case of successful free tissue transfer in a patient with lupus anticoagulant and review the literature.
-
References
- 1 Kroll SS, Schusterman MA, Reece GP , et al. Timing of pedicle thrombosis and flap loss after free-tissue transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 98: 1230-1233
- 2 Khouri RK, Cooley BC, Kunselman AR , et al. A prospective study of microvascular free-flap surgery and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102: 711-721
- 3 Bui DT, Cordeiro PG, Hu QY, Disa JJ, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Free flap reexploration: indications, treatment, and outcomes in 1193 free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119: 2092-2100
- 4 Davison SP, Kessler CM, Al-Attar A. Microvascular free flap failure caused by unrecognized hypercoagulability. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124: 490-495
- 5 Uppal RS, Stillaert FB, Hamdi M. Antiphospholipid syndrome—a rare cause of free flap thrombosis in perforator flap breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008; 61: 347-348
- 6 Davis MR, Shell IV DH, Marques M, Long JN. Free flap failure secondary to dual thrombophilia. Microsurgery 2009; 29: 62-65
- 7 Salgarello M, Cervelli D, Barone-Adesi L. A massive arterial thrombosis of a free anterolateral thigh flap in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. Microsurgery 2008; 28: 447-451
- 8 Labow BI, Greene AK, Upton J. Homocystinuria: an unrecognized cause of microvascular failure. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 120: 6e-12e
- 9 Nicoletti G, Gamba G, Scevola S, Faga A. The congenital deficit of protein S as a new prognostic factor in microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 116: 1837-1838
- 10 Höijer P, Olsson E. Elevated coagulation factor VIII, postoperative thrombosis and flap failure in late breast reconstruction with a free TRAM flap: a case report. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006; 59: 102-104
- 11 Shaw RJ, Rogers SN. Venous microvascular anastomotic failure due to prothrombin gene mutation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 115: 1451-1452
- 12 Ayala C, Blackwell KE. Protein C deficiency in microvascular head and neck reconstruction. Laryngoscope 1999; 109 (2 Pt 1) 259-265
- 13 Rand JH, Senzel L. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the antiphospholipid syndrome. In: Colman RW, Marder VJ, Clowes AW. et al, eds. Hemostasis and Thrombosis. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006: 1621-1636
- 14 Cohn DM, Roshani S, Middeldorp S. Thrombophilia and venous thromboembolism: implications for testing. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007; 33: 573-581
- 15 Nachman RL, Silverstein R. Hypercoagulable states. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 819-827
- 16 Villacorta J, Guidon C, Kerbaul F, Mesana T. An intraoperative coronary artery bypass graft thrombosis in a patient with protein S deficiency. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001; 15: 805-806
- 17 Hidalgo DA, Disa JJ, Cordeiro PG, Hu QY. A review of 716 consecutive free flaps for oncologic surgical defects: refinement in donor-site selection and technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102: 722-732 ; discussion 733–734
- 18 Petri M. Pathogenesis and treatment of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Med Clin North Am 1997; 81: 151-177
- 19 Koster T, Blann AD, Briët E, Vandenbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR. Role of clotting factor VIII in effect of von Willebrand factor on occurrence of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet 1995; 345: 152-155
- 20 Levine JS, Branch DW, Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 752-763
- 21 Robertson B, Greaves M. Antiphospholipid syndrome: an evolving story. Blood Rev 2006; 20: 201-212
- 22 Ortel TL. Thrombosis and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2005; 462-468
- 23 Hughes GR. Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease, and the lupus anticoagulant. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 287: 1088-1089
- 24 Ware Branch D, Eller AG. Antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 49: 861-874
- 25 Urbanus RT, Siegerink B, Roest M, Rosendaal FR, de Groot PG, Algra A. Antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in young women in the RATIO study: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 998-1005
- 26 Gezer S. Antiphospholipid syndrome. Dis Mon 2003; 49: 696-741
- 27 Galli M, Luciani D, Bertolini G, Barbui T. Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Blood 2003; 101: 1827-1832
- 28 Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T , et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 295-306
- 29 Erkan D, Leibowitz E, Berman J, Lockshin MD. Perioperative medical management of antiphospholipid syndrome: hospital for special surgery experience, review of literature, and recommendations. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 843-849
- 30 Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J , et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1330-1335
- 31 Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2007; 21: 589-607 , v
- 32 McCleave MJ. Free flap failure caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Microsurgery 2010; 30: 251-252
- 33 Tremblay DM, Harris PG, Gagnon AR, Cordoba C, Brutus JP, Nikolis A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome as a cause of flap failure: a report of two cases. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008; 61: 78-83
- 34 Schleich AR, Oswald TM, Lineaweaver WC. Complete salvage of impending free flap failure in heparin induced thrombocytopenia by emergent institution of therapy with argatroban. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008; 61: 1263-1264
- 35 Busch KH, Knobloch K, Vogt PM. Evidence for a locally limited form of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in plastic reconstructive surgery?. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124: 277e-278e
- 36 Assmann A, Boeken U, Feindt P, Schurr P, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II after cardiac surgery: predictors and outcome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58: 463-467
- 37 Friedman T, O'Brien Coon D, Michaels V J , et al. Hereditary coagulopathies: practical diagnosis and management for the plastic surgeon. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125: 1544-1552
- 38 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov . Accessed August 1, 2011
- 39 O'Brien SH, Smith KJ. Using thrombophilia testing to determine anticoagulation duration in pediatric thrombosis is not cost-effective. J Pediatr 2009; 155: 100-104
- 40 Wu O, Greer IA. Is screening for thrombophilia cost-effective?. Curr Opin Hematol 2007; 14: 500-503
- 41 Baumeister S, Follmar KE, Zenn MR, Erdmann D, Levin LS. Strategy for reoperative free flaps after failure of a first flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 122: 962-971
- 42 Khouri RK. Avoiding free flap failure. Clin Plast Surg 1992; 19: 773-781