Psychiatr Prax 2012; 39(07): 345-348
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1305193
Kurze Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Welchen Einfluss hat das Geschlecht auf das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten bei adulter ADHS im Rahmen einer Spezialambulanz?

Impact of Gender on the Utilization of Outpatient Health Service for Adult ADHD
Petra Retz-Junginger
IGPuP – Neurozentrum, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
,
Michael Rösler
IGPuP – Neurozentrum, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
,
Reinhard Müller
IGPuP – Neurozentrum, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
,
Wolfgang Retz
IGPuP – Neurozentrum, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
08 October 2012 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen: Angesichts der steigenden Nachfrage nach diagnostischer Abklärung und Behandlung wurde das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von erwachsenen ADHS-Patienten auf mögliche Geschlechtsunterschiede untersucht.

Methoden: Daten von insgesamt 776 Patienten einer ADHS-Spezialambulanz wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen: Frauen mit ADHS nehmen unter Berücksichtigung der höheren Prävalenzrate für adulte ADHS bei Männern im Vergleich zu Frauen (m:w; 2 – 3:1) überproportional häufig Behandlungsangebote wahr (m 54 %; w 46 %). Bis auf stärker ausgeprägte Probleme der Emotionsregulation fanden sich keine grundlegenden Geschlechtsunterschiede bezüglich Altersstruktur, ADHS-Subtypen, Symptomausprägung und Leidensdruck.

Abstract

Objective: There is only scarce knowledge of gender differences in adult ADHD. Thus, we studied a large population of adults referred to a specialized ambulance for adult ADHD for possible gender differences regarding age, ADHD core and associated psychopathology, severity of symptoms and subjective burden from the disorder.

Methods: We analyzed data from 776 adult patients, who had been referred to a specialized ambulance for ADHD. 275 male and 236 female patients were diagnosed with ADHD. Standardized self-rating and expert-rating instruments of the Homburg ADHD Scales for adults (HASE) were used for diagnosis and assessment.

Results: Male and female patients did not differ significantly regarding their prevalence of admittance, age at diagnosis of ADHD, ADHD subtype according to DSM-IV, symptom severity and subjective burden from the disorder.

Conclusions: More female than male patients as could be expected from epidemiological data were referred to the ambulance suggesting that males with ADHD are less disposed for psychiatric support. No major differences regarding clinical aspects of ADHD have to be considered between male and female patients, except a higher prevalence of symptoms of emotional dysregulation, which are more prominent in female patients.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Krause DA, Gastpar M, Davids E. ADHS bei Erwachsenen – unterscheiden sich Frauen und Männer?. Krankenhauspsychiatrie 2006; 17: 54-61
  • 2 Kolip P, Hurrelmann K. Geschlecht – Gesundheit – Krankheit: Eine Einführung. In: Hurrelmann K, Kolip P. Geschlecht, Gesundheit und Krankheit – Männer und Frauen im Vergleich. Bern: Hans Huber; 2002: 13-31
  • 3 Good GE, Dell DM, Mintz LB. Male role and gender role conflict: relations to help seeking in men. J Counseling Psychol 1989; 36: 295-300
  • 4 Barkley RA. ADHD in Adults. New York: The Guilford Press; 2008
  • 5 Retz-Junginger P, Rösler M, Jacob C et al. Gender differences in self-and investigator-rated psychopathology in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Atten Def Hyp Disord 2010; 2: 93-101
  • 6 Eich D, Angst J, Frei A et al. A new rating scale for adult ADHD based on Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90-R). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; published online
  • 7 Biederman J, Kwon A, Aleardi M et al. Absence of gender effects on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings in nonreferred Subjects. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1083-1809
  • 8 Rucklidge J, Brown D, Crawford S et al. Attributional styles and psychosocial functioning of adults with ADHD: Practice issues and gender differences. J Atten Disord 2007; 10: 288-298
  • 9 Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC et al. Gender effects on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adults, revisited. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55: 692-700
  • 10 Robison RJ, Reimherr FW, Marchant BK et al. Gender differences in 2 clinical trials of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A retrospective data analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69: 213-221
  • 11 Rösler M, Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Stieglitz R-D. Homburger ADHS-Skalen für Erwachsene (HASE). Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2008
  • 12 Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 716-723
  • 13 Quinn PO. Treating adolescent girls and women with ADHD: gender-specific issues. J Clin Psychol 2005; 61: 579-587
  • 14 Waite R. Women and attention deficit disorders: A great burden overlooked. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2007; 19: 116-125
  • 15 Wender PH. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Oxford: New York; 1995
  • 16 De Zwaan M, Gruß B, Müller A et al. The estimated prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in a German community sample. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262: 79-86