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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1301291
Gesundheitsförderung im Gesundheitswesen – Analyse der Rauchgewohnheiten der Mitarbeiter, Konsequenzen für die Patientenbehandlung und Ressourcen für zukünftige Tabakentwöhnungsinitiativen
Health Promotion within Health Care – Analysis of Employees’ Smoking Habits, Consequences for Patient Care and Resources for Future Smoking Cessation InitiativesPublication History
Publication Date:
01 February 2012 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Rauchen ist nach wie vor eines der gefährlichsten vermeidbaren Gesundheitsrisiken. Im Rahmen der Fragebogenstudie „Gesunde Luft am Arbeitsplatz“ wurden die Rauchgewohnheiten, die Verhaltensänderungsbereitschaft, der Einfluss der Diagnose F. 17.0 in der Patientenbehandlung und die Einschätzung der eigenen Arbeitsbelastung und der Leistungsreserven bei den Mitarbeitern eines Krankenhauskonzerns untersucht. Knapp 2 000 Mitarbeiter beteiligten sich an dieser Studie. 19,9% der Untersuchten waren tägliche Raucher, wovon bei 26,4% eine starke bis sehr starke Abhängigkeit vorlag. Etwa die Hälfte der Raucher wollte ihr Verhalten ändern, wobei die Mehrheit bereits Entwöhnungsversuche unternommen hat. Als wichtigstes Motiv für eine Tabakentwöhnung wurde die Angst vor Folgen (44,4%) genannt, gefolgt von anderen Gründen (42,3%) (z. B. Schwangerschaft) sowie Kosten (33,9%). Der Nichtraucherschutz wurde überwiegend als wichtig bewertet, insbesondere für Patienten. Die Vorbildfunktion von Personal und Krankenhäusern hinsichtlich des Tabakkonsums wurde ebenfalls als bedeutsam erachtet. Von den Vertretern der Gesundheitsberufe gaben 61,3% an, dass die Diagnose Tabakabhängigkeit bei den Patienten gestellt wird und 46,5%, dass diese in der Therapieplanung relevant ist. Die subjektive Einschätzung der Arbeitsbelastung ergab, dass sich mehr als 60% der Beschäftigten quantitativ stark bis sehr stark belastet fühlen, während dies hinsichtlich der qualitativen Belastungen nur für etwa 20% zutrifft. Sowohl in Bezug auf die zukünftige Arbeitsfähigkeit als auch die persönlichen Leistungsreserven sind etwa ¾ der Mitarbeiter zuversichtlich. Wir konnten keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Rauchverhalten und subjektiv empfundenen Arbeitsbelastungen feststellen. Es zeigte sich eine geringe Quote des Einsatzes einer unterstützenden medikamentösen Ersatztherapie bei vorangegangenen Aufhörversuchen bei medizinischem Personal. Aktive Gesprächsangebote und Hilfestellungen durch die Mitarbeiter im Gesundheitswesen steigern Rauchausstiegsquoten von Patienten. Diese Vorbildfunktion sollte zukünftig noch stärker genutzt werden.
Abstract
Smoking is still one of the most dangerous and avoidable health risks. This study “Healthy air at work” analysed smoking habits, state of change, the influence of the diagnosis F.17.0 in patient treatment and estimation of subjective workloads and personal resources in health-care workers. Almost 2 000 questionnaires were analysed. 19.9% of this study population were smokers, while 26.4% were considered to be heavy or very heavy smokers. Half of the current smokers were willing to change, while the majority had already tried to quit multiple times. The most important motive to stop smoking was fear of consequences (44.4%), followed by other reasons (42.3%) (e. g., pregnancy) and expenses (33.9%). Protection against second-hand smoke was estimated mostly as very relevant, especially for patients. Being a role model in terms of tobacco consumption seems to be important for health-care workers. 61.3% of all health-care workers stated that patients’ nicotine dependency had been diagnosed and out of these 46.5% say it is a relevant factor in therapy. 60% of all interviewed employees evaluated themselves as working quantitatively under heavy and very heavy workloads, while 20% had to deal with high qualitative challenges. In terms of future work ability and personal resources 75% were considerably optimistic. We did not find any relation in terms of workloads and smoking habits. Rather few health-care workers used nicotine replacement therapy during former cessation trials. Health-care workers could play an important role in the treatment and prevention of smoking dependency. This potential is not used to its full extent up to now.
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