Pluripotente Stammzellquellen heute

Zusammenfassung

Wohl keine andere wissenschaftliche Entdeckung der letzten Jahre hat die regenerative Medizin so beschleunigt und gleichzeitig heftige gesellschaftliche Kontroversen ausgelöst wie die Gewinnung von embryonalen Stammzellen (ESC). Heute, rund ein Jahrzehnt später, werden in kleinem Rahmen diese pluripotenten Zellen in ersten klinischen Studien angewandt. Trotz immunologischer Probleme, ethischer Bedenken und der Gefahr der Teratombildung sind die ESCs nach wie vor wegen ihrer Plastizität und Expansionsfähigkeit ein interessanter Kandidat für die Therapie. Adulte Stammzellen (ASC) werden schon länger therapeutisch sowohl allogen als auch autolog insbesondere in der hämatopoietischen Stammzelltransplantation genutzt, und derzeit gewinnen bei den ASCs besonders mesenchymale Stammzellen durch überlegene Plastizität und ­Expansion mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Re­programmierte Zellen sind speziell in der auto­logen Anwendung und in Verbindung mit Gen­therapie von größtem therapeutischem Interesse, allerdings gibt es trotz erheblicher Fortschritte auch bei der nicht-invasiven Reprogrammierung im Bereich der klinischen Sicherheit in bezug auf Mutationen und Teratombildung noch großen Forschungsbedarf. 

Abstract

No other scientific development in the last years has quickend regenerative medicine and at the same time lead to many controversies as the gen­eration of embryonic stem cells (ESC). Today, one decade later, these cells are utilized in small scale for the first time in clinical studies. Despite immunological problems, ethical concerns and the threat of termatoma formation ESC are due to their high plasticity and propagation capabilities a very interesting candidate for therapy. Adult stem cells (ASC) are already in use for many years, eypecially in allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and currently, in the field of ACSs, mesenchymal stem cells gain more and more attention due to their supe­rior plasticity and expansion qualities. Repro­grammed cells are of special therapeutic interest for autologous applications and in combination with corrective gene therapy; however, beside tremendous progress in the non-invasive reprogramming technology there is still much work to accomplish to reach with regard to mutations and teratoma formation a safety level acceptable for clinical use. 

Schlüsselwörter

embryonale Stammzellen - adulte Stammzellen - hämatopoietische Stammzelltransplantation - mesenchymale Stammzellen

Key words

embryonic stem cells - adult stem cells - hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - mesenchymal stem cells

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