Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2010; 31(12): 866-869
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1254156
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Gender Muscle Recovery During Isokinetic Exercise

R. Celes1 , L. E. Brown2 , M. C. C. Pereira1 , F. P. Schwartz3 , V. A. R. Junior1 , M. Bottaro1
  • 1College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brazil
  • 2Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, United States
  • 3Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Brazil
Further Information

Publication History

accepted after revision April 28, 2010

Publication Date:
11 November 2010 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two between set rest intervals (RI) on isokinetic knee extension peak torque (PT) produced by sedentary women and men. Seventeen young women (27.18±4.05 yrs) and 16 young men (26.75±4.73 yrs) performed 3 sets of 10 unilateral isokinetic knee extension at 60° and 180°/s. The RI between sets was 60 and 120 s, counterbalanced across 2 testing days. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed using a 3-way mixed factor ANOVA (gender×rest interval×sets). Males and females exhibited decreases (p<0.05) in PT with 120 s RI at 60°/s. There was no significant decline in PT in the female group during both RI at 180°/s. Men showed a significant decrease in PT only with 60 s RI. Young women and men require more than 120 s of RI to recover full PT at 60°/s. However, full quadriceps's muscle strength recovery can be attained with a 60 and 120 s at 180°/s in women, but in men only with a 120 s at the same velocity.

Key words

muscle fatigue - knee extension - torque - isokinetic

References

  • 1 Abt JP, Sell TC, Laudner KG, McCrory JL, Loucks TL, Berga SL, Lephart SM. Neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics do not vary across the menstrual cycle.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;  15 901-907
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 ACSM . American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;  41 687-708
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bottaro M, Ernesto C, Celes R, Farinatti PT, Brown LE, Oliveira RJ. Effects of age and rest interval on strength recovery.  Int J Sports Med. 2010;  31 22-25
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bottaro M, Martins B, Gentil P, Wagner D. Effects of rest duration between sets of resistance training on acute hormonal responses in trained women.  J Sci Med Sport. 2009;  12 73-78
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Bottaro M, Russo A, Oliveira RJ. The effects of rest interval on quadriceps torque during an isokinetic testing protocol in elderly.  J Sports Sci Med. 2005;  4 285-290
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Brown LE. Isokinetics in Human Performance. 1st ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2000: 457
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Brown LE, Whitehurst M, Gilbert R, Buchalter DN. The effect of velocity and gender on load range during knee extension and flexion exercise on an isokinetic device.  J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;  21 107-112
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Celes RS, Bottaro M, Veloso J, Ernesto C, Brown LE. Efeito do intervalo de recuperação entre séries de extensões isocinéticas de joelho em homens jovens destreinados.  Rev Bras Fisioter. 2009;  13 324-329
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 de Salles BF, Simao R, Miranda H, Bottaro M, Fontana F, Willardson JM. Strength increases in upper and lower body are larger with longer inter-set rest intervals in trained men.  J Sci Med Sport. 2009; 
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Enoka RM, Duchateau J. Muscle fatigue: what, why and how it influences muscle function.  J Physiol. 2008;  586 11-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Esbjornsson-Liljedahl M, Bodin K, Jansson E. Smaller muscle ATP reduction in women than in men by repeated bouts of sprint exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2002;  93 1075-1083
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Esbjornsson-Liljedahl M, Sundberg CJ, Norman B, Jansson E. Metabolic response in type I and type II muscle fibers during a 30-s cycle sprint in men and women.  J Appl Physiol. 1999;  87 1326-1332
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Faigenbaum AD, Ratamess NA, McFarland J, Kaczmarek J, Coraggio MJ, Kang J, Hoffman JR. Effect of rest interval length on bench press performance in boys, teens, and men.  Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2008;  20 457-469
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. International Journal of Sports Medicine – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research.  Int J Sports Med. 2009;  30 701-702
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Hewett TE, Myer GD, Zazulak BT. Hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratios diverge between sexes with increasing isokinetic angular velocity.  J Sci Med Sport. 2008;  11 452-459
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Hunter SK, Butler JE, Todd G, Gandevia SC, Taylor JL. Supraspinal fatigue does not explain the sex difference in muscle fatigue of maximal contractions.  J Appl Physiol. 2006;  101 1036-1044
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Hunter SK, Critchlow A, Enoka RM. Influence of aging on sex differences in muscle fatigability.  J Appl Physiol. 2004;  97 1723-1732
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hunter SK, Critchlow A, Shin IS, Enoka RM. Fatigability of the elbow flexor muscles for a sustained submaximal contraction is similar in men and women matched for strength.  J Appl Physiol. 2004;  96 195-202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hunter SK, Critchlow A, Shin IS, Enoka RM. Men are more fatigable than strength-matched women when performing intermittent submaximal contractions.  J Appl Physiol. 2004;  96 2125-2132
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kent-Braun JA, Ng AV, Doyle JW, Towse TF. Human skeletal muscle responses vary with age and gender during fatigue due to incremental isometric exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2002;  93 1813-1823
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Parcell AC, Sawyer RD, Tricoli VA, Chinevere TD. Minimum rest period for strength recovery during a common isokinetic testing protocol.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;  34 1018-1022
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Parker BA, Smithmyer SL, Pelberg JA, Mishkin AD, Herr MD, Proctor DN. Sex differences in leg vasodilation during graded knee extensor exercise in young adults.  J Appl Physiol. 2007;  103 1583-1591
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Pincivero DM, Campy RM, Coelho AJ. Knee flexor torque and perceived exertion: a gender and reliability analysis.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;  35 1720-1726
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Pincivero DM, Campy RM, Salfetnikov Y, Bright A, Coelho AJ. Influence of contraction intensity, muscle, and gender on median frequency of the quadriceps femoris.  J Appl Physiol. 2001;  90 804-810
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Pincivero DM, Gandaio C, Ito Y. Gender specific response of knee extensor and flexor torque and fatigue during maximal contractions.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;  34 Supplement
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Pincivero DM, Gandaio CM, Ito Y. Gender-specific knee extensor torque, flexor torque, and muscle fatigue responses during maximal effort contractions.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;  89 134-141
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Pincivero DM, Gear WS, Sterner RL. Assessment of the reliability of high-intensity quadriceps femoris muscle fatigue.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;  33 334-338
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Pincivero DM, Gear WS, Sterner RL, Karunakara RG. Gender differences in relationship between quadriceps work and fatigue during high-intensity exercise.  J Strength Cond Res. 2000;  14 202-206
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Pincivero DM, Lephart SM, Karunakara RG. Effects of intrasession rest interval length on strenght recovery and reliability during high intensity exercise.  J Strength Cond Res. 1998;  12 152-156
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Pincivero DM, Lephart SM, Karunakara RG. Effects of rest interval on isokinetic strength and functional performance after short-term high intensity training.  Br J Sports Med. 1997;  31 229-234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Ratamess NA, Falvo MJ, Mangine GT, Hoffman JR, Faigenbaum AD, Kang J. The effect of rest interval length on metabolic responses to the bench press exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;  100 1-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Burkett LN, Ball SD. A meta-analysis to determine the dose response for strength development.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;  35 456-464
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Sadamoto T, Bonde-Petersen F, Suzuki Y. Skeletal muscle tension, flow, pressure, and EMG during sustained isometric contractions in humans.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1983;  51 395-408
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Sarwar R, Niclos BB, Rutherford OM. Changes in muscle strength, relaxation rate and fatiguability during the human menstrual cycle.  J Physiol. 1996;  493 ((Pt 1)) 267-272
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Staron RS, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS, Murray TF, Hostler DP, Crill MT, Ragg KE, Toma K. Fiber type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women.  J Histochem Cytochem. 2000;  48 623-629
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. A comparison of central aspects of fatigue in submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions.  J Appl Physiol. 2008;  104 542-550
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Theou O, Gareth JR, Brown LE. Effect of rest interval on strength recovery in young and old women.  J Strength Cond Res. 2008;  22 1876-1881
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Touey PR, Sforzo GA, McManis BG. Effect of manipulating of rest periods on isokinetic muscle performance.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;  26 S170
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Willardson JM, Burkett LN. The effect of rest interval length on the sustainability of squat and bench press repetitions.  J Strength Cond Res. 2006;  20 400-403
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Wust RC, Morse CI, de Haan A, Jones DA, Degens H. Sex differences in contractile properties and fatigue resistance of human skeletal muscle.  Exp Physiol. 2008;  93 843-850
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Correspondence

Prof. Rodrigo Celes

College of Physical Education

University of Brasília

SQN 411, BL. “M”, APT. 104

70866-130 Brasília

Brazil

Phone: +55/61/8134 0377

Fax: +55/61/3107 2540

Email: rodrigoceles@terra.com.br