Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245133
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Zoster-Vakzine
Zoster VaccinePublication History
Eingegangen: 27.11.2009
Angenommen: 8.1.2010
Publication Date:
20 May 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Seit Oktober 2009 ist in Deutschland ein Zosterimpfstoff (Zostavax®) verfügbar, der für Personen ab 50 Jahre zur Prävention von Herpes zoster und postzosterischer Neuralgie (PZN) zugelassen ist. Der Nachweis der klinischen Wirksamkeit der hoch dosierten, attenuierten Lebendvakzine erfolgte in einer doppelblinden, randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Studie an über 38 000 immunkompetenten ≧ 60-jährigen Menschen. Im Vergleich zu Placebo bewirkte der Impfstoff die Senkung der Zosterhäufigkeit um 51 %, die Abnahme des PZN-Risikos um 67 % und insgesamt eine Senkung der Krankheitslast um 61 %. Erkrankungen, die in der Impfstoffgruppe auftraten, verliefen deutlich milder und komplikationsärmer als die Zosterfälle in der Placebogruppe. Obwohl die Wirksamkeit der Impfung auf die Zosterinzidenz sich mit zunehmendem Alter der Geimpften verringerte, profitierten auch Menschen jenseits des 70. Lebensjahres von der Impfung, da bei ihnen die Schwere der Erkrankungen stärker abnahm. Nach derzeitigem Wissensstand hält der Impfschutz mindestes 7 Jahre an. Ob und wann eine Wiederimpfung erforderlich sein könnte, ist noch unbekannt. Der Zosterimpfstoff wurde gut vertragen. Zostavax kann gleichzeitig mit einem inaktivierten Influenzaimpfstoff verabreicht werden. Eine Simultanimpfung mit Zostavax und Pneumokokkenvakzine sollte nicht vorgenommen werden.
Abstract
In Germany, a vaccine (Zostavax®) to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults aged 50 years and older has been available since October 2009. The efficacy of this attenuated high-dose live vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving more than 38 000 immunocompetent adults aged ≧ 60 years. Compared to placebo the vaccine reduced the frequency of herpes zoster by 51 % and the incidence of PHN by 67 %. Overall, the burden of illness was reduced by 61 %. The course of diseases occurring among the vaccine recipients was clearly milder and the risk for complications was lower than among the placebo recipients. Although the vaccine efficacy against herpes zoster declined with advancing age of the vaccinees, subjects older than 70 years also benefited from vaccination because the burden of illness was considerably reduced. To the best of our present knowledge the protective effect of zoster vaccine persists for at least 7 years post-vaccination. The need for, or timing of, revaccination has not yet been determined. Zostavax has been well tolerated. It can be concomitantly administered with inactivated influenza vaccine at separate sites. Zoster and pneumococcal vaccines should not be given concomitantly.
Schlüsselwörter
Herpes zoster - Impfung - postzosterische Neuralgie - Senioren - Gürtelrose
Key words
herpes zoster - vaccination - postherpetic neuralgia - seniors - shingles
Literatur
- 1 Arvin A. Aging, immunity, and the varicella-zoster virus. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352 2266-2267
- 2 Miller A E. Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella-zoster in the elderly. Neurology. 1980; 30 582-587
- 3 Berger R, Florent G, Just M. Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged. Infect Immun. 1981; 32 24-27
- 4 Burke B L, Steele R W, Beard O W. et al . Immune responses to varicella-zoster in the aged. Arch Intern Med. 1982; 142 291-293
- 5 Levin M J, Smith J G, Kaufhold R M. et al . Decline in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose VZV vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2003; 188 1336-1344
- 6 Levin M J, Oxman M N, Zhang J H. et al . Varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses in elderly recipients of a herpes zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2008; 197 825-835
- 7 Hope-Simpson R E. The nature of herpes zoster: A long term study and a new hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med. 1965; 58 9-20
- 8 Brisson M, Gay N J, Edmunds W J. et al . Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chickenpox. Vaccine. 2002; 20 2500-2507
- 9 Thomas S L, Wheeler J G, Hall A J. Contacts with varicella or with children and protection against herpes zoster in adults: a case-control study. Lancet. 2002; 360 678-682
- 10 Solomon B A, Kaporis A G, Glass A T. et al . Lasting immunity to varicella in doctors study (L. I. V. I.D. study). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998; 38 763-765
- 11 Berger R, Luescher D, Just M. Enhancement of varicella-zoster-specific immune responses in the elderly by boosting with varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1984; 149 647
- 12 Hayward A, Levin M, Wolf W. et al . Varicella-zoster virus-specific immunity after herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 1991; 163 873-875
- 13 Levin M J. Use of varicella vaccines to prevent herpes zoster in older individuals. Arch Virol. 2001; 17 (Suppl) 151-160
-
14 EMEA .25.11.2009 www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/zostavax/zostavax.htm
- 15 Oxman M N, Levin M J, Johnson G R. et al . A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352 2271-2284
- 16 Simberkoff M S, Arbeit R D, Johnson G R. et al .Safety and side-effects of zoster vaccine in the Singles Prevention Study. Poster G-406;. 48th Annual ICAAC/IDSA 64th Meeting, Washington, DC, Oct 25 – 28 2008
- 17 Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez I R, Seward J F. et al . Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008; 57 (RR-5) 1-30
- 18 Schmader K, Oxman M N, Levin M. et al .Persistence of zoster vaccine efficacy. Poster G-409. 48th Annual ICAAC/IDSA 64th Meeting Washington, DC; Oct 25 – 28, 2008
- 19 Sutradhar S C, Wang W W, Schlienger K. et al . Comparison of the levels of immunogenicity and safety of zostavax in adults 50 to 59 years old and in adults 60 years old or older. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009; 16 646-652
- 20 Wutzler P, Färber I, Wagenpfeil S. et al . Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus in the German population. Vaccine. 2001; 20 121-124
- 21 Macaladad N, Marcano T, Guzman M. et al . Safety and immunogenicity of a zoster vaccine in varicella-zoster virus seronegative and low-seropositive healthy adults. Vaccine. 2007; 25 2139-2144
- 22 Mills R, Tyring S K, Lawless J F. et al .Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of zoster vaccine in subjects with a history of herpes zoster. Poster G-407;. 48th Annual ICAAC/IDSA 64th Meeting Washington, DC; Oct 25 – 28, 2008
- 23 Kerzner B, Murray A V, Cheng E. et al . Safety and immunogenicity profile of the concomitant administration of zostavax and inactivated influenza vaccine in adults aged 50 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007; 55 1499-1507
- 24 MacIntyre C R, Egerton T, McCaughey M. et al .Concomitant administration of zoster and pneumococcal vaccines in adults ≥ 60 years old. Poster G-399 d;. 48th Annual ICAAC/IDSA 64th Meeting Washington, DC; Oct 25 – 28, 2008
- 25 Wutzler P, Meister W. Herpes zoster – Symptomatologie, demographische Daten und prognostische Faktoren. Dt Ärztebl. 1997; 94 B900-B904
Prof. Dr. Peter Wutzler
Institut für Virologie und Antivirale Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
Hans-Knöll-Str. 2
07745 Jena
Phone: ++ 49/36 41/9 39 57 00
Fax: ++ 49/36 41/9 39 57 02
Email: Peter.Wutzler@med.uni-jena.de
Email: