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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240930
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Intraokulare Tumoren beim Erwachsenen: Melanom der Uvea
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
16. März 2010 (online)
Einleitung
Primäre intraokulare Tumoren stellen ein relativ seltenes Krankheitsbild dar. Sie sind jedoch klinisch von großer Bedeutung, da potenziell 2 der von den Patienten am meisten gefürchteten Erkrankungen vereint sind: ein bösartiger Tumor und Blindheit. In Deutschland ist über alle Altersgruppen hinweg nur mit etwa 1000 Neuerkrankungen pro Jahr zu rechnen [1]. Primäre intraokulare Tumoren sind Gegenstand intensiver (Grundlagen-)Forschung. Anhand des malignen Aderhautmelanoms können z. B. molekularbiologische Prinzipien von Tumorentstehung und ‐metastasierung exemplarisch untersucht werden [1].
Zu den primären intraokularen Tumoren kommen okuläre Metastasen – vornehmlich des Mammakarzinoms und von Bronchialtumoren – hinzu. Sie sind in der Summe weitaus häufiger als primäre intraokulare Tumoren und treten vorwiegend in der stark vaskularisierten Chorioidea auf. Die jährliche Frequenz okulärer Metastasen in den USA wird auf 20 000 geschätzt [2].
Während primäre intraokulare Tumoren i. d. R. unilateral und unifokal auftreten, treten Metastasen eher bilateral und multifokal auf. Beidseitige uveale Melanome sind zwar beschrieben, aber extrem selten.
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Prof. Dr. Arthur Mueller
Klinikum Augsburg
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