Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 118(9): 610-616
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237704
Article

© J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Long Term Follow-up of Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas- A Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature

P. Anagnostis1 , Z. Efstathiadou1 , S. A. Polyzos1 , K. Tsolakidou1 , I. D. Litsas1 , A. Panagiotou1 , M. Kita1
  • 1Endocrinology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Further Information

Publication History

received 06.05.2009 first decision 01.07.2009

accepted 30.07.2009

Publication Date:
23 October 2009 (online)

Abstract

Introduction: Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) constitute an emerging clinical entity due to the increased use of abdominal imaging for diagnostic purposes. Most often it consists of benign-nonfunctioning lesions and an increase in size during follow-up is reported in about 9% (0–26%), whereas their functional evolution is rare.

Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients (22 males and 42 females; mean age 61.6±1.2 years), with AIs and follow-up of 3.1±0.4 years (range 0–19) were retrospectively evaluated. The patients underwent basal and dynamic evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenomedullary function. Mass enlargement and adrenal hyperfunction were estimated at yearly intervals.

Results: Adrenalectomy was performed in 5 patients (4 benign cortical adenomas and 1 pheochromocytoma). Abnormal manifestation, based on clinical, laboratory and histological evaluation, was observed in 4 patients [1 (1.56%) with SCS, 2 (3.12%) with pheochromocytoma and 1 (1.56%) with aldosteronoma], 3 of which were diagnosed at their initial evaluation and 1 at the 3rd year of follow-up. The remainders [60 patients (93.75%)] were harbouring a non-secretory mass (8 potential myelolipomas, 8 nodular hyperplasias, 3 cystic lesions). Eleven patients (17.2%) had bilateral AIs. Mass enlargement (5–13 mm) was observed in 9 patients (14%), ≥10 mm 4 (6.25%), while mass shrinkage (5–19 mm) in 3 (4.7%) during follow-up. No hormonal evolution was noticed.

Conclusions: AIs present usually as benign, non-secretory lesions. Criteria for surgical intervention were met at initial assessment for the majority of AIs. Size alterations during follow-up are uncommon and functional evolution is rare.

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Correspondence

P. AnagnostisMD 

Endocrinology Clinic

Hippokration Hospital

49 Konstantinoupoleos straße

54642 Thessaloniki

Greece

Phone: +30/23/1089 20 38

Fax: +30/23/1084 83 53

Email: anagnwstis.pan@yahoo.gr