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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 30(4): 440-447
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1233313
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and HIV Infection

Bruno Degano1 , Olivier Sitbon1 , Gérald Simonneau1
  • 1Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart Cedex, France
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Publication History

Publication Date:
24 July 2009 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but life-threatening complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PAH can complicate the course of HIV infection regardless of the route of HIV transmission, the stage of HIV infection, and the degree of immunosuppression. The clinical presentation and underlying pathology of PAH associated with HIV infection (PAH-HIV) are similar to those encountered in other forms of PAH, although there are data suggesting a greater inflammatory component in the HIV-related form. Given the good long-term prognosis of HIV patients with highly active antiretroviral treatments and the severity of PAH in HIV-infected patients, screening for pulmonary hypertension according to a precise algorithm is warranted in HIV-infected patients presenting with dyspnea not explained by another cause. In all cases, right heart catheterization must be performed to establish the diagnosis of PAH. Beneficial effects of antiretroviral treatments on PAH-HIV still remain to be proven. Patients with PAH-HIV appear to respond well to treatment with the prostacyclin epoprostenol, although continuous intravenous infusion is associated with a range of potential complications. Treatment with the oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan has been shown to benefit patients with PAH-HIV without adversely affecting the control of HIV infection, and resulted in functional and hemodynamic normalization in ~20% of patients. Other PAH therapies, including prostacyclin analogs, type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and single endothelin receptor antagonists, have yet to be evaluated in PAH-HIV.

KEYWORDS

Human immunodeficiency virus - pulmonary arterial hypertension - treatment

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Bruno DeganoM.D. Ph.D. 

Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère

157 rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France

Email: degano.b@gmail.com